J 


I 


OAK  *^-Te  IDfif 
FINAL  REPORT 


TO  THE 

Trustees  of  t(je  Covington  Reservoir, 


WITH  AN 


APPENDIX. 


G.  BOUSCAREN, 

CHIEF  ENGINEER. 


August  1st,  1891. 


CINCINNATI,  O. : 

Tup:  Wrightpon  Printing  Company. 
18  91. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/finalreporttotruOObous 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Final  Report  of  the  Chief  Engineer 5 

General  Remarks 5 

Reservoir 6 

Pumping  Station 26 

Pipe  Lines 40 

Engineering 52 

Appendix  : 

Exhibit  A.  — General  form  of  Contract 55 

“ B — Specifications  for  the  Construction  of  Reser- 
voir  60 

“ C. — Specifications  for  Cast  Iron  Pipe 82 

D. — Specifications  for  Delivery  of  Pipes  and 

Castings  86 

“ E. — Specifications  for  Floating  Tubes,  Washout 

Gates,  etc 89 

“ F. — Specifications  for  Engine  House  and  Coal 

Shed  for  Auxiliary  Pump 96 

“ G. — General  Specifications  for  Auxiliary  Pump. _ 100 

Specifications  and  Proposal  for  Pumping 

Outfit. — Laidlaw  & Dunn  Co 102 

“ H. — Specifications  for  Weir  Trough 105 

“ I.  — Articles  of  Agreement  with  United  States 

for  the  supply  of  water  for  Ft.  Thomas. _ 109 
“ K. — Specifications  for  Engine  House  and  Aque- 
duct   1 1 2 

“ L. — General  Specifications  for  Pumping  Engines 

and  Boilers 126 

Specifications  for  a Gaskill  Vertical  Com- 
pound Pumping  Engine 129 

Specifications  for  Six  Horizontal  Tubular 

Boilers 134 

“ M. — General  Specifications  for  Bilge  Pump 138 

“ N — Specifications  for  Guides  of  Bilge  Pump 142 

“ O. — Report  of  Trial  of  Engines. — G.  Bouscaren.  144 

“ P. — “ “ “ — C.  Hermany.  149 

“ Q. — Contract  with  Maysville  & Big  Sandy  R. 

R.  Co 156 

11  R. — Specifications  for  Pipe  Laying 158 


FINAL  REPORT 


— OF  THE  — 

Chief  Engineer 

— TO  — 

The  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Resei'voir  : 

Gentlemen: — The  works  undertaken  under  your  man- 
agement for  supplying  the  City  of  Covington  with  water  from 
the  Ohio  river,  are  now  completed  and  in  successful  operation. 
As  the  Chief  Engineer  for  these  works,  I have  the  honor  to 
submit  for  your  information  and  consideration,  the  following 
report : 

GENERAL  REMARKS. 

Leaving  out  of  consideration  the  Licking  river,  which  is 
a comparatively  small  stream  draining  a thickly  populated 
country,  the  Ohio  river  is  the  only  available  source  of  water 
supply  for  the  City  of  Covington. 

The  old  works,  built  in  1870,  being  located  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Licking,  at  a point  where  the  Ohio  river  water 
is  contaminated  by  the  sewerage  and  surface  drainage  of  the 
greater  part  of  the  Cities  of  Cincinnati,  Covington  and  New- 
port and  of  adjoining  villages,  furnished  a quality  of  water 
entirely  unfit  for  domestic  usage.  The  capacity  of  the 
pumping  plant  was  inadequate  to  the  present  demand.  Being 
of  old  design  and  very  much  worn,  the  machinery  was  ex- 
pensive to  operate  and  subject  to  frequent  stoppages  for  re- 
pairs, during  which  the  city  was  entirely  deprived  of  water. 
The  direct  system  being  applied  without  stand  pipe  or  a 
reservoir  of  any  kind,  the  distribution  of  water  was  very  im- 
perfect, and  the  effective  pressure  very  low  and  irregular, 


6 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


owing  to  the  presence  of  a very  large  quantity  of  mud  and 
sand  in  the  pipes. 

Such  was  the  condition  of  affairs  when  the  construction 
of  a new  plant  was  decided  upon. 

The  essential  features  of  the  new  plant  were  to  be  : 

1st. — An  intake  above  all  local  source  of  contamination 
in  the  Ohio  river. 

2nd. — Clarification  of  the  river  water  by  subsidence  in 
a reservoir  of  about  one  hundred  million  gallons  capacity. 

3d. — Capacity  of  plant  for  a daily  supply  of  twenty 
million  gallons  by  subsequent  additions  to  the  machinery 
only. 

The  new  plant  is  composed  mainly,  of  a pumping  station 
on  the  Kentucky  shore  of  the  Ohio  river  above  the  city,  of  a 
system  of  reservoirs  on  the  highlands  dividing  the  valleys  of 
the  Licking  and  the  Ohio,  and  of  pipe  lines  connecting  the 
pumping  station  with  the  reservoir  and  the  reservoir  with 
the  distributing  mains  of  the  city. 

The  entire  plant  has  been  constructed  substantially  in 
accordance  with  the  description  given  in  the  progress  report 
addressed  to  your  Board,  dated  February  8th,  1888.  No 
material  departure  has  been  made  from  the  plans  and  speci- 
fications of  the  contracts  for  the  different  parts  of  the  work. 

RESERVOIR. 

DESCRIPTION-BASINS. 

The  Reservoir  is  located  on  the  Licking  side  of  the  divide 
between  the  Ohio  and  Licking  rivers,  and  between  the  Alex- 
andria and  Highland  pikes,  at  a distance  of  about  3,800  feet 
from  the  pumping  station. 

It  is  composed  of  three  basins  formed  by  the  construction 
of  an  earth  dam  below  the  fork  of  a ravine  and  of  twro  parti- 
tion dams,  also  built  of  earth,  across  each  prong  of  the  ravine. 
The  curbs  of  the  two  upper  basins  are  on  the  same  level  and 
are  25  feet  above  the  curb  of  the  lower  basin. 

The  two  upper  basins,  known  as  the  North  arid  South 
basins,  act  as  settling  basins  ; they  receive  the  water  from 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


7 


the  pumping  station  through  inlets  at  their  upper  ends,  and 
feed  the  lower  basin  alternately  through  floating  tubes, 
taking  the  clarified  water  a few  feet  below  the  surface, 
near  the  partition  dams. 

The  water  supply  for  the  city  is  taken  from  the  lower 
basin,  also  by  a floating  tube  near  the  lower  dam.  In  this 
manner  the  water  delivered  to  the  city  undergoes  two  processes 
of  clarification  by  subsidence. 

The  arrangement  of  the  pipes  and  valves  is  such  as  to 
allow  the  lower  basin  to  be  filled  directly  from  the  pumping 
station,  and  the  city  to  be  supplied  directly  from  either  of 
the  upper  basins,  and  either  of  the  three  basins  to  be  cleaned 
without  interrupting  the  service  of  the  others. 

The  general  dimensions  and  the  capacities  of  the  three 
basins  are  as  follows  : 


NORTH 

BASIN. 

SOUTH 

BASIN. 

LOWER 

BASIN. 

Elevation  of  curb  above  high  1 
water  of  1884  in  Covington,...  j 

304.83  feet. 

304.83  feet. 

279.83  feet. 

Elevation  of  curb  above  floor  of  \ 
new  pumping  station, J 

300.61  feet. 

300.61  feet. 

275.61  feet. 

Elevation  of  “ low  water  ” in  1 
basin  below  curb j 

35  feet. 

35  feet. 

40  feet. 

T,pngth  nf  Elnating  T'nb*i 

29  feet. 

29  feet. 

35  feet. 

Maximum  depth  of  basin  below  \ 
curb j 

46  feet. 

46  feet. 

47  feet. 

Minimum  depth  of  basin  below  \ 
curb J 

16t%  feet. 

21^  feet. 

35  feet. 

Surface  inside  curb  line 

245.093  sq.  ft. 

270.305  sq.  ft. 

212.575  sq.  ft. 

Capacity  in  gallons  from  curb  1 
level | 

35.299.200. 

41.448.700. 

34.783.700. 

Capacity  in  gallons  from  a plane  1 

5 feet  below  curb  level f 

26.622  200. 

31.970.100. 

27.368.800 

Total  capacity  below  curb  for  the  three  basins,  111.531.600  gals. 

Total  capacity  5 feet  below  curb  for  the  three  basins,  85.959.100  gals 


8 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


The  basins  are  graded  to  a uniform  side  slope  of  1 ver- 
tical to  3 horizontal  and  a bottom  slope  of  nearly  4 ft.  in  a 
100  feet. 

Their  figure  in  plan  is  a combination  of  circles  and 
straight  lines,  such  as  would  fit  most  closely  in  each  case, 
the  natural  contours  of  the  ground. 

BERME  ROAD  AND  SURFACE  DRAINAGE. 

Each  basin  is  entirely  surrounded  by  a MacAdamized 
drive-way  or  berme  road  12  feet  wide,  on  the  outside  of 
which  a paved  ditch  collects  all  the  drainage  water  from  the 
grounds  and  roads  and  conducts  it  below  the  lower  dam  to  a 
culvert  under  the  Alexandria  pike,  which  empties  into  Three 
Mile  Creek. 

The  berme  roads  of  the  upper  and  lower  basins  are  con- 
nected by  ramps  of  about  9 feet  in  100  feet  gradient,  they 
also  connect  with  the  Alexandria  and  Highland  pikes  by 
McAdamized  roads  of  about  the  same  gradient. 

With  the  clarification  of  the  water  and  the  exclusion  of 
the  surface  drainage,  two  other  conditions  of  great  import- 
ance were  to  be  realized  in  the  construction  of  the  reservoir, 
viz  : 

That  the  basins  should  be  as  nearly  as  practicable,  water- 
tight. 

And  that  adequate  means  should  be  provided  to  clean 
them  promptly  and  with  little  expense. 

The  first  condition  could  be  realized  in  two  ways  : 

a By  revetting  the  entire  surface  of  the  excavated 
basin  with  a puddle  covering  and  protecting  the  same  with 
dry  paving. 

b By  dispensing  with  the  puddle  covering  and  making 
the  paving  revetment  of  a superior  grade  of  masonry  laid  in 
cement. 

The  estimated  costs  of  the  two  plans  were  about  the 
same.  The  objections  to  the  first  method  were  : 

1st — Scarcity  of  good  puddling  material  on  the  reser- 
voir grounds. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


9 


2nd — The  large  increase  in  the  quantity  of  material  to 
be  excavated  for  the  grading  of  the  basins  if  their  capacity 
was  to  be  preserved,  or  otherwise  a sacrifice  o f about  fifteen 
per  cent  of  their  capacity,  for  the  space  occupied  by  the 
puddle.  For  these  reasons  the  second  plan  was  adopted. 

REVETMENT. 

The  side  slopes  are  revetted  with  sand  stone  blocks,  12 
inches  thick,  laid  in  cement  on  a foundation  of  broken  stones 
12  inches  deep.  This  paving  extends  from  the  curb  line  to 
the  low  water  level  35  feet  below  the  curb  for  the  two  upper 
basins,  and  to  an  elevation  of  15  feet  below  the  curb  for  the 
lower  basin.  The  side  slopes  below  these  levels,  as  well  as 
the  entire  surface  of  the  bottoms  of  the  three  basins,  are  revet- 
ted with  concrete  plastered  over  with  a covering  of  Portland 
cement  mortar. 

This  method  of  construction  has  been  entirely  successful, 
the  leakage  from  the  basins  is  imperceptible,  no  sign  of  back 
pressure  from  water  behind  the  revetment  when  the  basins 
are  emptied  rapidly,  has  been  observed,  and  the  spring  hy- 
drants which  had  been  designed  for  the  relief  of  this  back 
pressure  were  dispensed  with  as  unnecessary. 

The  sand  stones  used  for  the  paving  revetment  was  pro- 
cured from  quarries  on  the  Ohio  river  near  Portsmouth,  Ohio  ; 
it  is  mostly  of  the  light  buff  colored  variety,  and  has  so  far, 
without  a sign  of  failure  withstood  the  severe  ordeal  of  ex- 
posure to  which  it  is  subjected  from  the  fluctuation  of  the 
water  level  in  the  basins  during  winter. 

All  the  limestone  used  for  the  ditch  paving,  the  concrete, 
the  road  metal  and  the  broken  rock  foundation  of  the  paving 
revetment,  has  been  supplied  from  the  excavation  for  the 
basins. 

All  the  domestic  cement  used,  was  furnished  by  the 
Louisville  Cement  Association,  it  was  all  tested  before  ship- 
ment. 

The  Portland  cement,  used  exclusively  for  pointing  and 


10 


Final  Report  oj  the  Engineer 


plastering,  was  mostly  of  the  Shifferdecker  German  brand,  it 
was  not  tested  as  a rule,  but  was  found  to  be  of  uniform  good 
quality. 

CLEANING. 

The  means  adopted  for  the  rapid  cleaning  of  the  basins 
without  interruption  to  the  service,  and  with  a small  outlay, 
consist  in  a pressure  pump,  supplied  either  from  the  lower 
basin,  or  from  the  influent  pipe  from  the  pumping  engines  ; it 
delivers  water  under  a pressure  of  150  pounds  per  square 
inch  into  a line  of  six  inch  pipe  laid  in  the  center  of  the  berme 
roads,  around  the  three  basins.  Four-inch  branches  connect 
this  pipe  with  hydrants  located  inside  the  curb  of  the  basins 
at  a distance  of  about  400  feet  apart.  With  an  ordinary  fire 
hose  200  feet  long,  1^  inch  nozzle,  screwed  on  to  these  hy- 
drants, eight  men  will  clean  a basin  in  two  days,  or  the  ope- 
ration can  be  done  in  one  day  with  a double  crew. 

INLETS. 

The  influ  nt  pipe  delivers  the  water  into  the  two  upper 
basins  through  a 30  inch  elbow  2 feet  below  the  curb  level,  in 
a masonry  chamber  from  whence  it  flows  in  cascade  into  the 
basin. 

A groove  in  the  side  walls  of  the  inlet  chamber  allows 

o 

the  attachment  of  a weir  trough.  A weir  trough  built  of  iron 
has  been  connected  to  the  inlet  chamber  of  the  north  basin, 
for  the  purpose  of  measuring  the  quantity  of  water  delivered 
by  the  pumping  engines  during  the  duty  tests,  and  has  been  left 
in  position  for  future  use  in  testing  the  performance  of  the 
engines  from  time  to  time. 

The  direct  inlet  into  the  lower  basin,  which  is  only  in- 
tended to  be  used  exceptionally,  is  also  through  a 30  inch 
elbow  near  the  bottom  of  the  basin. 

OUT-LETS. 

The  outlet  for  each  basin  is  formed  of  two  openings,  one 
18  inches  in  diameter  flush  with  the  lowest  part  of  the  bot- 
tom, is  covered  with  a bell  valve  which  is  raised  by  a hand 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


11 


crane  from  the  top  of  the  outlet  pier  to  let  out  the  mud 
when  the  basin  is  being  cleaned. 

Another  opening  on  top  of  the  outlet  pier  is  formed  by 
the  flanged  end  of  a BO  inch  pipe,  over  which  is  bolted  the 
fixed  elbow  of  the  floating  tube. 

FLOATING  TUBES. 

The  floating  tubes  are  riveted  sheet  iron  pipes  inch 
thick,  30  inches  in  diameter,  each  tube  is  bolted  at  its  lower 
end  to  a cast  iron  elbow  revolving  around  a horizontal  axis,  and 
fitting  into  the  fixed  elbow  of  the  outlet  pipe  through  a cup- 
leather  ring,  which  forms  a water-tight  joint.  The  upper  end 
of  the  pipe  is  capped  with  a screen  drum,  built  of  “ 1 x 1” 
angles  inch  apart.  A cylindrical  float  of  riveted  sheet  iron 
5 feet  in  diameter,  is  securely  fastened  to  the  under  side  of 
the  floating  tube,  and  has  sufficient  buoyancy  to  keep  the 
screen  drum  always  out  of  water  unless  it  is  purposely  sub- 
merged by  drawing  on  the  chain  fastened  to  the  end  of  the 
tube,  which  passes  around  a sheave  anchored  to  the  masonry 
revetment  of  the  basin.  The  chain  is  operated  by  a hand 
crab  located  on  top  of  the  dam. 

The  lengths  of  the  floating  tubes  are 

For  the  upper  basins  - - - 29  feet. 

For  the  lower  basin  - - - 35  feet. 

OVERFLOW. 

In  addition  to  these  outlets,  the  lower  basin  has  an  over- 
flow weir  6 feet  wide  and  three  feet  deep  from  the  curb,  the 
object  of  which  is  to  guard  against  the  possibility  of  over- 
flowing the  crest  of  the  dam,  in  case  of  the  inflow  from  the 
upper  basins  becoming  unmanageable  by  reason  of  the  float- 
ing tube  and  stop  valve  being  both  out  of  order  at  the  same 
time. 

dams. 

The  dams  are  built  of  selected  material  from  the  excava- 
tion of  the  basins. 

They  have  a front  slope,  next  to  the  water,  of  3 horizon- 


L2 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


tal  to  1 vertical,  and  a back  slope  of  \y^  to  1,  they  are  15 
feet  wide  on  top  and  the  partition  dams  have  an  offset  or 
berme  30  feet  wide  on  a level  with  the  curb  of  the  lower 
basin.  They  are  built  without  a core  wall  of  masonry  or 
puddle,  but  with  a puddle  fronting  increasing  in  thickness 
from  3 feet  at  the  top  to  about  20  feet  at  the  base,  penetrat- 
ing through  the  clay  formation  of  the  bottom  and  sides  to 
the  blue  shale. 

The  general  dimensions  of  the  dams  are  as  .follows  : 


H’ght.  Length. 

North  Dam,  1 355  ft. 

South  Dam,  > about  345  ft. 
Lower  Dam,  J 53  325  ft. 


Width  bet.  Foot  of  Slope. 

335  ft. 

335  ft. 

285  ft.  ( Increased  to 
< about  400  ft.  by 
( the  waste  bank. 


ARCH  CULVERTS 

The  arch  culverts  under  the  dams,  containing  the  pipes 
and  valves  for  the  distribution  of  the  water,  are  built  in 
trenches  excavated  into  the  solid  blue  shale  and  lime  stone. 
Their  general  dimensions  are  as  follows : 


Width. 

H’ght. 

Length. 

Material  of  Arch. 

Side  IValls. 

North  Calvert, 

6 feet. 

6 feet. 

182  feet. 

Limestone. 

Limestone. 

South  Culvert, 

6 feet. 

6 feet. 

182  feet. 

Brick. 

Limestone. 

Lower  Culvert, 

12  feet. 

8 feet. 

207  feet. 

Sandstone. 

Limestone. 

They  are  all  paved  with  an  invert  of  concrete  finished 
with  a plastering  of  Portland  cement  mortar. 

The  shafts  giving  access  to  the  lower  ends  of  these  cul- 
verts are  of  brick  masonry  for  the  upper  culverts,  and  of 
sandstone  masonry  for  the  lower  culvert.  The  upper  shafts 
are  12  feet  in  diameter  and  35^  feet  deep,  from  the  floor  of 
the  shaft  house  to  the  invert  of  the  culvert.  The  lower  shaft 
is  16  feet  in  diameter  and  34  feet  deep.  The  valves  are  ope- 
rated from  the  floor  of  the  shaft  houses. 

Both  upper  culverts  drain  into  the  lower  culvert,  through 
8 inch  cast  iron  pipes  laid  in  the  bottom  of  the  lower  basin 
under  the  concrete  revetment.  The  lower  culvert  drains 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


13 


through  a pipe  of  the  same  size  into  a catch  basin  below  the 
lower  dam,  which  collects  also  the  discharge  from  the  18  inch 
flush  pipe,  and  from  the  spill  ways  carrying  the  surface 
drainage. 

No  sign  of  slips  or  seapage  is  observable  in  the  dams,  a 
slight  depression  in  the  revetment  on  the  slope  of  the  north 
dam,  is  the  only  indication  of  any  settling  in  the  material  of 
the  dams.  The  small  leaks  through  the  head  walls  of  the  cul- 
verts where  they  are  traversed  by  the  30  inch  pipes,  which 
appeared  when  the  basins  were  first  filled  with  water,  are 
steadily  decreasing  and  will  probably  disappear  entirely  when 
the.  pores  of  the  concrete  are  filled  by  silting. 

SODDING. 

The  back  slopes  of  the  dams  as  well  as  the  front  slopes 
of  the  side  fills  adjoining  the  basins,  have  been  revetted  with 
blue  grass  sod  laid  on  a 3 inch  bed  of  the  black  soil  saved  for 
that  purpose  from  the  stripping  of  the  dam  and  basin  sites. 
Such  of  the  excavation  slopes  as  needed  immediate  protec- 
tion, have  been  treated  in  a like  manner. 

The  flat  surfaces  of  the  side  fills,  with  a few  exceptions, 
have  been  covered  with  black  soil  and  sowed  in  grass  last  win- 
ter, the  grass  has  taken  a good  stand  everywhere  and  could 
only  be  injured  now  by  a protracted  drouth,  but  this  can  be 
averted  by  sprinkling,  making  use  for  that  purpose  of  the 
pump  and  hydrants  designed  for  flushing  the  basins. 

The  excavation  slopes  which  are  not  sodded  are  all  in 
the  hard  stratified  material,  their  inclination  being  less  than 
1 to  1 sodding  would  not  stand  on  them,  they  should  be  pro- 
tected eventually  by  revetments  of  dry  paving,  as  the  frost 
will  gradually  disintegrate  the  stratified  material. 

The  platforms  of  the  side  fills  which  could  not  be  sowed 
in  grass  by  reason  of  being  occupied  with  the  limestone  waste 
remaining  from  the  excavation  of  the  basins,  should  receive  the 
same  treatment  as  the  others  as  soon  as  the  stone  has  been 
disposed  of. 


14 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


PIPE  SYSTEM. 

The  influent  pipe  is  a continuation  of  the  force  main, 
from  the  stand  pipe  in  the  west  end  of  the  tunnel  under  the 
Highland  pike,  where  from  an  elevation  of  7 2-10  feet  above 
the  curb  level  of  the  upper  basins,  it  follows  the  contour  of 
the  point  between  the  two  basins  with  a continuous  descend- 
ing  grade,  ending  at  the  cascade  inlet  to  the  south  basin  6 
feet  below  the  curb  level.  It  is  supported  across  the  side 
fills  by  rubble  walls  carried  down  to  the  original  surface  of 
the  ground.  The  length  of  the  influent  pipe  from  the  stand 
pipe  to  the  inlet  of  the  south  basin  is  2,258)4  feet,  the  influent 
branch  to  the  north  basin  is  53)4  feet  long,  the  influent 
branch  to  the  lower  basin  is  333)4  feet  long. 

The  pipes  connecting  the  upper  basin  with  the  lower 
basin  and  with  the  supply  pipe  for  the  city,  are  supported  on 
concrete  blocks  on  the  inverts  of  the  culverts.  Outside  of  the 
culverts,  under  the  dams  and  through  the  lower  basin,  they 
are  laid  in  trenches  excavated  into  the  solid  shale  and  lime- 
stone, and  packed  with  concrete. 

The  entire  system  was  tested  after  being  laid  with  a hy- 
drostatic pressure  varying  from  75  pounds  to  100  pounds  per 
square  inch,  no  leaks  have  been  discovered  since  the  begin- 
ning of  operations. 

The  floors  of  the  shaft  houses  have  been  so  constructed 
as  to  be  removable  in  sections  and  allow  valves  and  pipes  to 
be  taken  in  and  out  of  the  culverts. 

The  lengths  of  pipes  entering  into  the  construction  of 
the  reservoir  are  as  follows  : 

30  inch  pipe  including  the  influent  pipe  4895  1.  ft. 

18  inch  pipe  used  for  flushing  basins  457.7  1.  ft. 

8 inch  pipe  used  for  draining  culverts  1099.3  1.  ft. 

6 inch  pipe  used  to  supply  the  flush- 
ing hydrants  and  the  U.  S.  barracks  6791.8  1.  ft. 

SUPPLY  OF  THE  U S.  BARRACKS. 

On  July  10,  1890,  an  agreement  was  entered  into  with 
the  U.  S..  authorities  in  Washington  to  supply  the  Fort 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


15 


Thomas  Regimental  Post  with  water.  This  agreement  ap- 
pears as  exhibit  “ /”  in  the  Appendix  to  this  report. 

The  auxiliary  pump  erected  for  flushing  and  cleaning 
the  basins  is  also  used  for  this  service. 

A stand  pipe  12  feet  in  diameter  and  96  feet  high,  was 
constructed  by  the  Government  on  its  grounds  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Highland  Pike  directly  opposite  the  reservoir 
grounds,  the  6 inch  pipe  supplying  the  flushing  hydrants  of 
the  north  basin  was  connected  with  this  stand  pipe  and  a 4 
inch  Worthington  meter  inserted  on  that  line  of  pipe  near  the 
stand  pipe. 

The  top  of  the  stand  pipe  is  at  an  elevation  of  165  7-10 
feet  above  the  pump  house  floor. 

CONSTRUCTION. 

The  construction  of  the  reservoir  and  of  works  adjunct 
thereto  was  done  under  the  following  contracts. 


No.  of 
Con. 

Date  of 
Execution. 

Names  of 
Contractors. 

Kind  of  Work. 

Date  of 
Final 
Estimate. 

1 

May  10,1887. 

Newp’t  Iron  & Pipe 
Foundry. 

Making  of  pipes'] 
and  Castings 

Delivery  of  Pipes  | 
and  Castings.  J 

Mch.  5,  1889. 

and 

2 

May  10, 1887. 

Newp’t  Iron  & Pipe 
Foundry. 

Sep.  26,  1890. 

4 

July  15, 1887. 

Peter,  Scully  & 
[Crane,  transferred 
to  Casparis  & Co., 
Dec.  8th,  1887. 

Grading,  Masonry, 
Valve  Houses,  erec- 
tion of  floatingtubes 
! pipe  laying,  etc. 

May  2,  1890. 

12 

Sep.  8,  1889. 

D.  Shanahan  & Co. 

1 Grading,  Masonry, 
Valve  houses  erec- 
tion of  floating 
tubes,  Pipe  laying. 

Jun.  25, 1891. 

7 

July  13, 1888. 

Lane  & Bodley  Co. 

Floating  tubes  and 
Flushing  valves. 

Dec.  26, 1890. 

8 

July  16, 1889. 

Peter  Keefer  Jr.  & 
Brothers. 

Auxiliary  pump 
house. 

Nov.  29, 1889. 

9 

May  31,1889. 

Laidlaw  & Dunn  Co. 

Auxiliary  pump 
and  boiler. 

July  25, 1890. 

16 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


The  general  form  of  contracts  as  well  as  the  specifica- 
tions for  the  different  parts  of  the  work  embraced  in  these 
contracts, are  given  in  the  Appendix  to  this  report  as  exhibits 
A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  F,  G and  H. 

PIPES  AND  CASTINGS. 

The  first  contracts  awarded  for  construction,  were  for 
the  making  and  delivery  of  pipes  and  castings  required  for 
the  reservoir  and  pipe  lines. 

Owing  to  delays  in  the  completion  of  their  new  plant  in 
Newport,  the  Newport  Iron  and  Pipe  Foundry,  now  the 
“ Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co.,”  did  not  begin  to  cast  and 
deliver  the  pipes  until  September,  1887.  The  quantities 
and  cost  of  pipes  and  special  castings  furnished  by  them  for 
the  reservoir  are  as  follows : 

30  inch  pipe,  1,509,970  lbs. 

18  “ 67,080  “ 

8 “ 56,212  “ 

6 “ 303,785  “ 

Total  staight  pipe,  1,937,047  lbs. =968. 5235  tons, 

@$28.40= $27,506.07 

Special  castings,  164,772  lbs.  =82.3860  tons,  @ 

$50.00=  ------  4,119.30 

Delivery  of  968.5235+82.3860-1.1735=1049.730 

tons,  @ $2.25= 2,361.90 

Total  amount,  - - $33,987.27 

Deduct  amount  allowed  pipe  layers  for  extra 
lead  and  labor  in  joints,  on  account  of  sockets 
being  larger  than  standard,  - 257.14 

Total  net  cost  of  pipes  and  castings,  - $33,730.13 

1.1735  tons  of  special  castings  were  delivered  by  the 
trustees. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


17 


GRADING,  MASONRY,  PIPE  LAYING,  ETC. 

The  date  specified  for  the  completion  of  the  work  under 
the  contract  with  Peter,  Scully  & Crane  was  August  1st, 
1888.  One  year  was  a very  short  time  for  the  execution  of 
the  work*  considering  the  amount  and  character  of  the 
same. 

To  avoid  the  delays  attendant  to  the  procurement  of 
suitable  limestone  in  sufficient  quantity  for  the  masonry,  and 
to  facilitate  the  work  of  the  contractors,  permissions  were 
granted  to  them  at  an  early  date  for  the  substitution  of  sand- 
stone in  place  of  limestone  for  the  masonry  of  the  paving 
revetment,  and  for  the  substitution  of  sandstone  and  brick 
in  place  of  limestone  for  the  culvert  masonry.  The  con- 
tractors did  not  avail  themselves  of  these  permissions  until  the 
end  of  the  working  season,  and  the  progress  of  work  at  that 
date  was  otherwise  so  unsatisfactory  that  a proposition  for 
the  transfer  of  the  contract  to  Messrs.  Casparis  & Co.  was 
readily  accepted,  and  the  transfer  made  December  8th,  1887. 

The  progress  made  under  the  new  management  did  not 
meet  your  expectations,  the  leniency  shown  and  the  favors 
granted  to  the  new  contractors,  as  an  encouragement  to  pro- 
ceed with  the  work  and  avoid  the  delays  attendant  upon  a 
reletting,  failed  to  have  the  desired  effect,  and  the  work  was 
abandoned  by  Messrs.  Casparis  & Co.  on  July  80th,  1889  in 
a half  finished  condition. 

A contract  was  executed  with  D.  Shanahan  & Co., 
September  8th,  1889,  for  the  completion  of  the  work,  these 
gentlemen  offering  the  lowest  bid  obtainable  at  the  time 
from  responsible  parties. 

Their  prices  were,  nevertheless,  much  higher  than  those 
of  Casparis  & Co.,  but  you  have  under  the  terms  of  the  con- 
tract, a legal  recourse  on  Casparis  & Co.  and  their  bondsmen 
to  recover  the  additional  cost  arising  from  their  failure  to 
complete  the  work. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  quantities  of  work 
done  under  both  contracts  and  the  cost  of  the  same. 


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20 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


The  amounts  under  the  head  of  “Added  work’’  are  for 
a variety  of  work  done  by  force  account,  with  an  allowance  of 
ten  per  cent,  to  the  contractors  for  the  use  of  their  tools,  this 
item  in  the  case  of  D.  Shanahan  & Co.  is  unusually  large  for 
the  following  reasons : 

1st. — The  grading  of  the  lower  basin  and  of  the  berme 
roads  around  the  north  and  lower  basins,  left  by  Casparis  & 
Co.  in  an  unfinished  condition,  could  only  be  finished,  injus- 
tice to  the  contractor,  by  force  account,  owing  to  the  small 
quantities  of  material  to  be  removed. 

2nd. — The  lines  of  30  inch  pipe  laid  by  Casparis  & Co. 
in  the  bottom  of  the  lower  basin,  had  to  be  taken  up  and  re- 
laid  by  force  account  owing  to  the  defective  character  of  the 
concrete  packing  around  them,  other  defective  works  done  by 
Casparis  & Co.  were  rebuilt  in  the  same  manner. 

3rd. — The  spill- ways  carrying  the  drainage  of  the  reser- 
voir grounds  from  the  lower  dam  to  the  creek,  the  recon- 
struction of  the  culvert  under  the  Alexandria  pike,  and  the 
construction  of  the  MacAdamized  road  connecting  the  res- 
ervoir with  the  Highland  and  Alexandria  pikes, were  also  done 
by  force  account. 

4th. — During  the  progress  of  the  work  several  springs 
were  developed  in  the  bottom  and  on  the  slopes  of  the  basins, 
which  were  disposed  of  by  conducting  the  water  through 
drains,  built  under  the  masonry  revetment,  to  small  hydrants 
which  by  the  automatic  action  of  a ball  valve,  allow  the  spring 
water  to  enter  the  reservoir  but  do  not  allow  the  escape  of  the 
reservoir  water.  This  work  was  done  also  by  force  account. 

5t;h. — A considerable  amount  of  labor  was  furnished  by 
D.  Shanahan  & Co.  for  work  not  properly  chargeable  to  the 
construction  of  the  reservoir,  but  which  was  paid  for  as  parts 
of  their  estimates  as  shown  by  the  following : 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  ADDED  WORK. 

On  account  of  replacing  defective  work  and  completing  unfinished 


work  of  Casparis  & Co $ 4.837.20 

On  ac’t  of  Pipe  Laying  by  McRae  & Lalley 323.63 

On  ac’t  of  construction  of  Pump  house  by  C.  J.  Limerick 30.03 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


21 


On  ac’t  of  construction  of  Pumphouse 135.19 

On  ac’t  of  repairs  of  Pipe  line, 1,550.90 

On  ac’t  of  repairs  of  Pipe  line  for  Water  Works,  department 472.03 

On  ac’t  of  Legal  expenses 35J0 

On  ac’t  of  Floating  Tubes  by  The  Lane  & Bodley  Co 13.21 

On  ac’t  of  construction  of  Keservoir 9,602.01 

Total  amount, $16,999.30 


The  amount  paid  Casparis  & Co.  is  $181,589.48,  leaving 
a balance  unpaid  of  $16,657.74.  This  balance  is  not  suffi- 
cient to  cover  the  additional  cost  of  the  work  due  to  the 
larger  prices  of  D.  Shanahan  & Co. 

This  additional  cost  is  estimated  at  $50,567.55.  You 
have  therefore  a legal  claim  against  Casparis  & Co.  for  $50,- 
567.55  minus  $16,657.74  equal  to  $33,909.81. 

In  addition  to  the  amount  of  $244,063.31  paid  to  D. 
Shanahan  & Co.  on  their  estimates,  they  were  paid  $1,542.20 
as  a compromise  settlement  of  claims  which  I could  notallow 
under  their  contract. 

The  total  amount  paid  under  both  contracts  is : 


To  Casparis  & Co $181,589.48 

To  D.  Shanahan  & Co 245,605.51 

Total, $427,194.99 


FLOATING  TUBES  AND  FLUSHING  GATES. 

The  floating  tubes  forming  the  intake  in  each  basin,  the 
flushing  gates  for  cleaning  the  basins,  and  the  hand  crabs  for 
the  operation  of  the  floating  tubes  and  gates,  were  made  and 
delivered  by  The  Lane  & Bodley  Co.  under  their  contract  of 
July  13th,  1888. 

The  cost  of  this  work  was  as  follows  : 

Three  floating  tubes,  floats,  cast  stands,  chains,  sheaves,  chain-ways, 


elbows,  39,321  tbs.  @ 7|c $2,998.23 

Three  flushing  gates  and  appendages  and  one  lifting  crane,  4,01 31bs. 

@ 11c 441.43 

Three  hand  crabs,  3,372  lbs.  @ 7 |c 265.55 

Extra  work  on  floats, 121.61 

Total  amount, $3,826.82 

Deduction  for  labor  and  material  furnished  by  Trustees, 470.64 

Amount  paid  The  Lane  & Bodley  Co. $3, 356. Is 


92 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


AUXILIARY  PUMP  AND  BOILER. 

The  auxiliary  pumping  plant  designed  for  the  supply  of 
the  United  States  barracks  and  for  cleaning  the  basins  by 
flushing,  was  built  and  erected  by  The  Laidlaw  & Dunn  Co. 
under  their  contract  ot  May  3 1st,  1889. 

The  cost  of  this  plant  was  as  follows : 

One  Duplex  pump,  10x12  in.  steam  cylinders,  10x7  in.  water  cyl- 


inders, with  boiler  and  all  necessary  appendages $1,685.00 

One  automatic  pressure  regulating  valve, 51.00 

One  national  filter,  16x54  in 100.00 

Total  cost, $1,836.00 


AUXILIARY  PUMP  HOUSE. 

The  brick  house  and  coal  shed  for  the  auxiliary  pump 
was  built  by  Peter  Keefer  Jr.  & Bros,  under  their  contract  of 
July  16th,  1889.  The  price  paid  for  the  same,  not  including 
the  foundation  walls  nor  the  ballast  filling  under  the 


floor  was $1,200.00 

Less  labor  and  material  furnished  by  trustees 27. 60 

Amount  paid  Peter  Keefer  Jr.  & Co $1,172.40. 


SUMMARY  OF  COST  OF  CONTRACT  WORK  FOR  THE  CONSTRUCTION 
OF  RESERVOIR. 

Grading,  masonry,  pipe  laying,  etc.,  by  Casparis  & Co.  and  D. 


Shanahan  & Co $427,194.99 

Pipes  and  castings  by  the  Newport  Iron  & Pipe  Foundry, 33,730.13 

Floating  tubes,  flushing  gates  and  appendages  by  the  Lane  & 

Bodley  Co 3,356.18 

Auxiliarv  pumping  plant  by  The  Laidlaw  & Dunn  Co 1,836.00 

Auxiliary  pump  house  by  Peter  Keefer  Jr.  & Bros 1,172.40 


Total  amount  of  contract  work, $467,289.70 


In  addition  to  the  contract  work,  the  following  items  of 
expense  are  chargeable  to  the  cost  of  construction  : 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


23 


Real  estate,  43  69-100  acres, $28,655.00 

Cement  and  stone,  bought  by  trustees 2,137.54 

Inspection  of  cement — being  the  total  amount  paid  for  inspec- 
tion, part  of  which  is  chargeable  to  the  construction  of  the 

Pumping  Station  and  a small  part  to  the  pipe  lines, 2,726.10 

30  in.  sleeve  bought  after  the  termination  of  contract  with  The 

Newport  Pipe  &Iron  Co 24,50 

Foundation,  floor  ballast,  and  miscellaneous  additions  to  auxili- 
ary pump  house, 402.74 

Labor  and  material  for  floating  tubes,  and  flushing  valves 195.42 

Labor  and  material  for  auxiliary  pump, 13.99 

Labor  and  material  for  Spring  Hydrants, 91.68 

14  Flushing  Hydrants  by  The  Laidlaw  & Dunn  Co 263.80 

Stop  valves,  valve  stands  and  valve  boxes  by  The  Eddy  Valve  Co. 

and  The  Laidlaw  & Dunn  Co 4.253.30 

Rubber  Hose  and  fixtures  for  flushing  basins, 286.00 

4 in.  Worthington  meter  for  U.  S.  barracks  supply, 276.00 

Labor  and  material  for  meter  chamber  and  meter  104.05 

Miscellaneous  labor  and  material, 116.40 

Iron  weir  trough  from  The  Walton  Architectural  Co 744.35 

Additional  labor  and  material  for  weir 8.75 

Hook  gauge  for  weir  measurement, 50.60 

Grass  Seed, 19.60 

25  corner  stones  for  boundary  lines  of  Reservoir  grounds, 45.00 

Appraisement  of  Casparis  & Co.’s  plant,  insurance  of  same  and 

removal  of  plant  from  Reservoir  grounds, 523.22 


Total  amount, $40,938.04 

RECAPITULATION  OF  COST. 

Cost  of  contract  work, $467,289.70 

Cost  outside  of  contract  work 40,938.04 


Total  cost  of  Reservoir  and  appurtenances $508,227.74 

Deduct  cost  of  United  States  pipe  line,  paid  by  the  city 2,303.20 


Net  total  cost  of  Reservoir $505,924.54 


OPERATION. 

Owing  to  the  failure  of  the  first  contractors  and  the 
delays  attendant  upon  the  reletting  of  the  work,  the  city  was 
kept  dependent  upon  the  operation  of  the  old  works  much 
longer  than  was  anticipated. 

When  it  became  apparent  in  the  fall  of  1887,  that  the 


24 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


reservoir  would  not  be  completed  within  the  contract  time, 
the  contractors  were  made  to  concentrate  their  work  princi- 
pally upon  the  north  and  lower  basins  and  later  on,  chiefly 
upon  the  north  basin. 

This  basin  was  only  completed  in  the  fall  of  1889,  just  in 
time  to  save  the  city  from  a disastrous  water  famine,  the  con- 
dition of  the  old  works  being  at  that  time  such  as  to  render 
them  almost  entirely  unserviceable. 

Water  was  first  pumped  into  the  north  basin  on  Novem- 
ber 21st,  1889,  and  the  basin  put  in  regular  service  for  the 
supply  of  the  city  on  January  23rd,  1890. 

Water  was  first  let  into  the  lower  basin  on  July  31st, 

1890,  and  the  basin  put  in  service  on  August  4th,  1890. 

The  south  basin  was  partly  filled  with  water  on  Decem- 
ber 13th,  1890,  when  it  was  yet  unfinished,  to  protect  the 
freshly  built  concrete  revetment  from  the  effect  of  the  frost 
during  winter,  it  was  put  in  service  in  the  latter  part  of  May, 

1891. 

The  north  basin  has  been  cleaned  twice  to  test  the  effi- 
ciency of  the  plant  provided  for  the  flushing  process  of 
cleaning. 

The  result  has  been  all  that  could  be  desired.  The  total 
cost  of  cleaning  with  inexperienced  men,  was  a little  over 
$200,  for  both  operations. 

In  the  regular  course  of  operations,  I would  recommend 
that  each  of  the  upper  basins  be  cleaned  once  every  year,  and 
the  lower  basin  every  two  years.  The  cleaning  should  be 
done  in  the  summer  time,  and  on  each  occasion  the  floating 
tube,  flushing  valve,  chain  and  other  iron  work  which  are 
ordinarily  submerged,  should  be  thoroughly  cleaned  and 
painted  with  a good  coat  of  black  varnish  to  preserve  them 
from  rusting. 

A light  boat  should  be  kept  on  the  premises  to  enable 
the  reservoir  keeper  to  recover  the  floating  tube  in  case  of 
accidental  breakage  of  the  chain,  and  to  remove  any  floating 
substance  which  might  accidentally  find  its  way  in  the  basins. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


25 


I would  further  recommend  that  the  level  of  water  in 
each  basin  be  not  allowed,  as  a rule  to  rise  above  a plane  5 
feet  below  the  curb  line,  measured  vertically,  this  precaution 
is  considered  necessary  to  avoid  the  splashing  of  water  over 
the  curb  line  in  very  high  wind. 

To  relieve  the  floating  tubes  from  the  effect  of  surface 
agitation,  and  of  ice  in  winter,  the  screen  heads  should  be  kept 
submerged  about  5 feet  below  the  surface.  The  paved 
ditches  should  be  kept  clean  to  avoid  overflow  on  the  berme 
roads  in  time  of  heavy  rains. 

The  berme  roads  should  be  easily  maintained  if  heavy 
wagons  are  kept  off  of  them.  They  should  be  repaired  with 
limestone  screenings  or  gravel,  the  practice  of  mixing  clay 
with  the  stone  should  be  carefully  avoided.  You  now  have 
on  the  reservoir  grounds  a sufficient  quantity  of  limestone 
and  screenings  to  maintain  these  roads  for  a period  of  several 
years. 

Water  was  first  delivered  into  the  stand  pipe  of  the 
United  States  barracks  on  July  15th,  1*90. 

From  January  1st  to  July  1st,  1891,  2,827,800  gallons 
by  meter  measurement  have  been  pumped  into  it,  which 
gives  an  average  daily  rate  of  consumption  of  about  15,500 
gallons. 

The  present  rate  of  consumption,  as  shown  by  the  pum- 
page  in  June,  is  about  18,000  gallons. 

The  connection  with  the  barracks  pipe,  issuing  from  the 
stand  pipe  was  made  in  the  center  of  the  Highland  Pike,  by  a 
6 inch  cross,  which  will  allow  a 6 inch  pipe  to  be  laid  each  way 
on  the  Highland  Pike, to  supply  the  wants  of  the  locality  which 
is  settling  very  rapidly. 

The  Ohio  River  water  during  the  greater  part  of  the 
year  is  charged  with  a considerable  quantity  of  clay  and  fine 
sand  in  suspension. 

In  the  process  of  settling,  the  clay  carries  with  it  to  the 
bottom  a large  proportion  of  the  organic  matter  and  living  or- 


26 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


ganisms  which  are  always  present  and  constitute  the  most 
unhealthful  class  of  impurities. 

Sedimentation,  therefore,  purifies  as  well  as  it  clarifies 
the  turbid  river  water. 

The  water  thus  purified,  will  remain  a long  time  in  the 
reservoir  without  acquiring  any  perceptible  taste  or  odor. 

During  the  short  period  of  low  water  stage  in  the  river, 
when  the  water  is  clear,  it  is  charged  with  a larger  propor- 
tion of  the  organic  elements,  and  purification  by  sedimenta- 
tion does  not  take  place. 

This  water  will  corrupt  rapidly  and  it  is  ebsential  to  use 
it  almost  immediately  after  pumping.  At  such  times,  the 
use  of  the  upper  settling  basins  should  be  discontinued  and 
the  water  pumped  directly  into  the  lower  basin. 

PUMPING  STATION. 

The  pumping  station  is  located  between  the  river  and 
the  C.  & O.  R.  R , at  a distance  of  about  4,000  feet  above 
the  Newport  pumping  station,  and  about  seven  miles  by  the 
river  above  the  mouth  of  the  Licking.  The  location  is  especi- 
ally favorable  for  an  intake,  the  channel  of  the  river  being 
permanent  at  that  point,  and  the  deepest  water  occuring 
within  60  feet  of  the  low  water  shore  line,  and  160  feet  from 
the  engine  house. 

The  water  at  that  point  is  free  from  local  contamination, 
and  its  quality  as  good  as  can  be  procured  from  the  Ohio 
river  in  this  vicinity. 

The  pumping  station  consists  of  an  engine  house,  smoke 
stack,  well,  intake  aqueduct,  and  the  pumping  machinery. 

ENGINE  HOUSE. 

The  engine  house  is  a rectangular  brick  building,  94  feet 
7 inches  long,  in  the  direction  of  the  river  by  83  feet  6 inches 
wide,  out  to  out,  built  on  stone  wall  foundations,  3 feet  thick 
at  the  top,  and  4 feet  thick  at  the  base,  resting  on  the  solid 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


27 


stratification  of  blue  shale  and  limestone,  and  extending  one 
foot  3 inches  above  the  high  water  of  1884. 

Being  built  on  the  declivity  of  the  river  bank,  these 
walls  vary  in  height  from  40  feet  1 inch  to  52  feet  6 inches, 
they  are  constructed  of  sand  stone  from  quarries  on  the  Ohio 
river  near  Quincy,  Ky. , laid  in  Louisville  cement.  The  out- 
side brick  walls  of  the  building  are  17  inches  thick,  with  out- 
side pilasters  projecting  4 inches,  and  inside  pilasters  pro- 
jecting 18  inches,  for  the  support  of  the  roof  trusses. 

A 13  inch  partition  wall,  divides  the  building  into  two 
rooms,  one  for  the  engines,  50x80  feet,  the  other  for  the 
boiler  40x80  feet  in  the  clear. 

The  floor  is  constructed  of  iron  beams  and  brick  arches 
supported  by  iron  plate  girders,  and  finished  with  1 y2  inch 
flooring  for  the  engine  room,  and  a Portland  cement  cover- 
ing for  the  boiler  room,  it  stands  15  inches  above  extreme 
high  water. 

The  roof  is  supported  by  wooden  trusses  80  feet  span  in 
the  clear,  and  is  covered  with  iron. 

SMOKE  STACK. 

The  smoke  stack  is  built  on  a foundation  block  of  sand 
stone  masonry  12  feet  square,  30  feet  10j^  inches  deep,  rest- 
ing on  the  solid  shale,  it  is  101  feet  high  from  the  floor  of  the 
house,  and  6 feet  diameter  inside.  The  base  is  octagonal  in 
shape  for  a height  of  12  feet,  above  this  base  the  shape  is 
circular,  the  walls  varying  in  thickness  from  22  inches  at  the 
base  to  13  inches  at  the  top.  An  inside  iron  ladder  extends 
to  the  top  of  the  stack. 

Connection  with  the  boilers  is  made  by  a horizontal 
brick  conduit  back  of  the  boilers. 

WELL. 

The  well  for  the  pumping  engines  is  formed  of  two  cross 
walls  4 feet  thick,  extending  from  the  front  to  the  back  foun- 
dation walls  of  the  house,  it  is  rectangular  in  shape,  77  feet 


28 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


6 inches  by  12  feet  on  top,  and  75  feet  6 inches  by  8 feet  at 
the  bottom,  its  depth  is  79-. 29  feet  from  the  floor  of  the 
engine  room,  which  gives  a depth  of  9 feet  of  water  below 
extreme  low  water  mark. 

The  walls  are  built  of  sandstone  and  capped  under  the 
engine  beds  with  large  blocks  of  Indiana  limestone. 

The  side  walls  are  braced  by  three  tiers  of  iron  beams, 
serving  also  for  the  support  of  the  machinery  inside  the  well 
and  of  the  three  floors  which  give  access  to  the  same. 

The  bottom  of  the  well  is  revetted  with  concrete  15 
inches  thick,  plastered  with  Portland  cement.  A sump 
4x4  feet  deep  provides  for  the  complete  drainage  of  the  well 
when  it  is  pumped  out  for  cleaning.  An  iron  stair-way 
gives  access  to  the  three  floors,  and  to  the  bottom  of  the  well. 

INTAKE  AQUEDUCT. 

The  intake  aqueduct  is  formed  by  a tunnel  excavated  in 
the  solid  shale,  and  lined  with  brick  laid  in  cement  with  a 
covering  of  Portland  cement,  it  is  4 feet  in  diameter  inside  and 
158  14  feet  long  from  the  inside  face  of  well  to  the  outside 
face  of  inlet  pier  in  the  river,  it  falls  from  the  well  to  the 
river  with  a gradient  of  1.03  feet  in  100  feet,  the  river  end 
being  1 ft.  1%  in.  lower  than  the  well  end.  At  low  water  the 
water  in  the  well  stands  2 ft.  above  the  top  of  the  arch  at 
the  well  end  of  the  aqueduct,  the  bottom  of  the  arch  at  the 
river  end  stands  4 ft.  above  the  rock  bottom  of  the  river, 
which  secures  to  a great  extent  the  exclusion  of  the  drifting 
sand  and  gravel  which  are  always  in  motion  with  the  current 
on  the  bottom  of  the  river. 

The  river  end  of  the  aqueduct  is  protected  by  a casing  of 
masonry,  built  of  sandstone  faced  and  capped  with  large 
blocks  of  Indiana  limestone.  The  projections  of  the  side 
walls  of  the  pier  beyond  the  face,  are  grooved  for  a strong 
iron  grating  which  prevents  the  entrance  of  large  drift.  A 
timber  bulkhead  can  be  substituted  in  place  of  the  iron  grat- 
ing, for  closing  entirely  the  opening,  in  case  that  it  should  be- 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


29 


come  necessary  to  get  in  the  aqueduct  to  repair  or  clean  it. 

The  well  end  can  also  be  closed  at  will,  by  means  of  a 4 
ft.  gate  operated  from  the  floor  of  the  engine  room. 

An  8 inch  pipe  connecting  with  the  force  main  of  the 
pumping  engines,  opens  inside  of  the  aqueduct,  and  serves  to 
wash  out  the  deposits  which  will  form  from  time  to  time,  by 
the  force  of  the  jet  issuing  from  the  pipe  when  the  4 ft.  gate 
is  closed  and  the  valve  connection  with  the  force  main  is 
opened.  The  hight  of  the  column  of  water  in  the  force  main, 
from  the  opening  of  the  8 inch  pipe  to  the  apex  in  the  tun- 
nel under  the  Highland  pike  is  383-77  ft. 

HEATING  AND  LIGHTING. 

The  engine  room  is  heated  by  coils  of  steam  pipe  against 
the  walls,  supplied  directly  from  the  boilers  through  a pres- 
sure regulator,  and  driaining  through  a steam  trap  to  the  hot 
well  of  the  feed  pumps. 

The  entire  building,  including  the  well,  is  lighted  by  an 
Edison  electric  light  plant  operated  by  a Beck  automatic  cut- 
ofl  engine  of  8 horse  power,  the  guarranteed  capacity  of  the 
plant  is  of  45  lamps  of  16  candle  power. 

PUMPING  MACHINERY. 

The  pumping  machinery  consists  of  two  compound,  con- 
densing vertical  Gaskill  engines  and  six  tubular  boilers. 

Each  engine  has  two  high  pressure  and  two  low  pressure 
steam  cylinders  24  in.  diam.  x36  in.  stroke  and  48  in',  diam. 
x 36  in.  stroke  respectively,  all  steam  jacketed,  and  operate 
4 single  acting  plunger  pumps  19  in.  diam.  x 36  in.  stroke. 
There  are  two  fly  wheels  to  each  engine  12  ft.  in.  diameter. 

Each  engine  has  a surface  condenser  through  which 
passes  the  water  on  its  way  from  the  pumps  to  the  force  main. 

The  steam  distribution  gear  is  of  the  Corliss  type. 

The  pumps,  and  valve  chambers  stand  on  the  first  floor 
in  the  well,  24  It.  3 in.  above  the  bottom  and  15  ft.  3 in.  above 
extreme  low  water,  the  valves  are  of  1^  in.  opening  with 


30 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


Y l in.  lift.  Besides  the  air  feeders  attached  to  each  engine  to 
maintain  the  supply  in  the  air  chambers,  an  independent 
Westinghouse  air  pump  is  provided  to  charge  the  air  cham- 
bers before  starting  the  pumps  after  a period  of  inoperation. 

The  open  end  of  each  suction  pipe  takes  water  through 
a cylindrical  wire  screen  4 ft.  diameter  by  8 ft.  high,  which 
serves  to  keep  out  small  drift  from  the  pumps.  These  iron 
screens  are  cleaned  without  stopping  the  pumps,  by  inside 
water  jets  derived  from  the  force  main  and  operated  from  the 
floor  of  the  engine  room. 

The  30  inch  force  main  is  located  outside  of  the  well  and 
receives  the  water  from  each  engine  through  a 20  in.  branch. 
It  is  supported  by  cast  iron  brackets  anchored  to  the 
well  walls,  and  is  itself  anchored  endwise  to  the  front  founda- 
tion wall  of  the  building  by  means  of  iron  rods  which  take 
the  thrust  due  to  the  pressure  of  the  water  against  the  closed 
end  of  the  pipe,  and  relieve  the  joints  from  all  longitudinal 
stress. 

The  engines  are  duplicates  of  each  other  and  built  to 
deliver,  each,  5 million  gallons  of  water  per  24  hours  in  the 
reservoir,  with  a consumption  of  coal  not  exceeding  18,000 
lbs.  at  the  lowest  stage  of  water  in  the  river. 

Sufficient  space  is  left  in  the  engine  room  and  well  for  an 
additional  engine  of  10  million  gallons  capacity  in  24  hours, 
which  would  bring  the  total  pumping  capacity  to  20  million 
gallons  per  24  hours. 

The  boilers  are  also  duplicates  of  each  other.  They  are 
5 ft.  6 in.  diam.  by  18  ft.  long  and  contain  each,  80,  3^  in. 
lap-welded  tubes,  the  grate  surface  for  each  is  30  square  feet. 
They  are  mounted  in  pairs,  one  pair  being  sufficient  to  supply 
one  pumping  engine,  one  pair  remains  in  reserve  when  both 
engines  are  working.  Sufficient  space  is  left  in  the  boiler 
room  for  two  more  pairs  of  boilers,  which  would  still  leave 
two  boilers  in  reserve  when  the  pumping  capacity  of  the 
station  is  increased  to  20  million  gallons  per  24  hours. 

The  feed  water  derived  partially  from  the  condensers, 
is  heated  through  a live  steam  heater  to  212°  and  passed 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Heservir. 


31 


through  a national  filter  on  its  way  to  the  boilers.  Most  of 
the  impurities  remain  in  the  filter  which  is  cleaned  every  two 
or  three  hours  by  a simple  reversion  of  the  flow.  This  device 
prevents  to  a great  extent  the  formation  of  scales  and  the  ac- 
cumulation of  mud  in  the  boilers,  it  reduces  to  a considerable 
extent  the  labor  of  cleaning,  keeps  the  boilers  at  all  times  in 
a better  working  condition  and  increases  their  effective  ca- 
pacity for  producing  steam. 

An  independent  duplex  pump  has  been  provided  as  boiler 
feeder  in  case  of  accident  to  the  feeders  operated  by  the 
pumping  engines,  but  is  not  used,  as  the  boiler  can  be  sup- 
plied directly  from  the  force  main. 

BILGE  PUMP. 

A duplex  Worthington  pump  of  the  admiralty  type — 
steam  cylinders  12  in.  diam.  by  10  in.  stroke,  water  cylinders 
8 y2  in.  diam.  by  10  in.  stroke, is  suspended  to  the  roof  truss 
by  a Weston  differential  chain-block  of  3 tons  capacity,  by 
means  of  which  it  can  be  raised  or  lowered  in  the  well  be- 
tween iron  guides,  it  serves  to  pump  out  the  well  at  all  stages 
of  the  water  to  give  access  to  any  submerged  part  of  the 
machinery  needing  repairs. 

A Nye  pump  No.  5 placed  permanently  in  the  bottom 
of  the  well,  pumps  out  the  mud  and  sand  when  the  well  is 
being  cleaned.  By  means  of  this  pump  and  of  an  ordinary 
fire  hose  connected  to  the  force  main,  the  well  can  be 
cleaned  very  rapidly  and  with  very  little  labor. 

WORKING  TOOLS. 

The  floor  space  in  the  engine  room  is  ample  to  receive 
all  the  machine  tools  required  for  ordinary  repairs.  These 
tools  have  not  been  procured,  the  equipment  of  the  station 
in  this  respect  not  being  considered  a proper  item  of  expendi- 
ture out  of  your  construction  fund,  they  should  be  provided 
as  soon  as  possible  by  the  operating  department. 


32 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


COALING  FACILITIES. 

The  coal  supply  is  now  received  through  the  C.  & O. 
Railway,  a spur  track  about  300  feet  long  having  been  built 
for  the  accommodation  of  this  service  in  front  of  the  engine 
house.  The  entire  space  between  the  railroad  and  the  pump 
house  is  filled  to  the  grade  of  the  railroad  track,  and  affords 
room  for  the  storage  of  about  500  tons  of  coal. 

The  spur  track  should  be  made  a siding,  connected  at 
both  ends,  and  a track  scale  should  be  put  in  at  the  upper 
end  of  this  track  to  verify  the  weight  of  coal  received. 

Coal  can  also  be  received  by  river.  The  river  front  of 
your  property  is  600  feet  in  length,  and  affords  excellent 
landing  for  boats  at  all  stages  of  the  water. 

CONSTRUCTION. 

CONTRACT  WORK. 

The  construction  of  the  pumping  station  was  done 
under  the  following  contracts : 


No.  of 
Con. 

Date  of' 
Execution. 

Names  of 
Contractors. 

Kind  of  Work. 

Date  of  final 
Estimate. 

No.  5. 

Aug.  12,1887. 

C.  J.  Limerick. 

Engine  house, smoke 
stack  and  acqueduct 

Mar.  2,  1891. 

“ 6. 

Sep.  2.  1887. 

Holly  Manufactur- 
ing Co. 

Pumping  engines  & 
boilers,  stairs,  and 
4 ft.  gate. 

Feb.  25, 1891. 

“ 10. 

June  11,1889. 

J.  K.Kugg,  agent  for 
H.  Worthington. 

Bilge  pump  and 
hoisting  block. 

Jul.  10,  1890. 

“ 11. 

Aug.  17,1889. 

Walton  Architectu- 
ral Co. 

Guides  for  Bilge 
pump. 

Nov.  8,  1889. 

The  general  form  of  contract  is  the  same  as  for  the  reser- 
voir work,  given  as  exhibit  A in  the  Appendix  to  this 
report,  the  specifications  for  the  different  contracts  are  given 
as  exhibits  K , A,  M and  ^V. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


33 


PUMP  HOUSE  AND  AQUEDUCT. 

The  contract  for  the  construction  of  the  Pump  House 
was  executed  by  C.  J.  Limerick,  August  12th,  1887,  the 
time  specified  for  the  completion  of  the  work  being  June 
1st,  1888. 

The  work  done  by  Mr.  Limerick  in  1887,  was  confined 
to  the  excavation  for  the  foundation  walls  and  well,  and  the 
building  of  the  river  end  of  the  aqueduct  by  means  of  a 
coffer-dam. 

Very  soon  after  the  signature  of  his  contract,  permission 
was  asked  by  Mr.  Limerick,  and  granted,  for  the  substitution 
of  sandstone  in  place  of  limestone  for  the  masonry  of  the 
foundations. 

Very  little  masonry  was  laid  in  1887.  The  work  on 
the  masonry  was  continued  during  the  winter,  using  Port- 
land instead  of  Louisville  cement.  Very  slow  progress  was 
made  during  the  year  1888,  owing  to  the  insufficiency  of  the 
force  employed,  and  delays  occasioned  by  high  water.  The 
aqueduct  was  only  completed  in  January,  1889,  it  was  built  by 
tunnelling  from  the  well  end  to  a junction  with  the  inlet  pier 
in  the  river. 

The  foundation  walls  and  the  well  were  completed  the 
succeeding  month,  and  the  pumping  engines  being  then  de- 
livered, a wooden  shed  was  built  over  the  well,  to  allow  the 
work  of  erection  of  the  machinery  to  proceed. 

The  construction  of  the  house  and  smoke  stack  above 
the  foundations,  consumed  eight  months,  extending  from 
April  to  October  1889. 

The  temporary  bulk  head  which  closed  the  river  end  of 
the  aqueduct  during  the  construction  of  the  tunnel  was  only 
removed  in  November,  1889.  A feeble  and  unsuccessful 
effort  was  then  made  by  the  contractor  to  remove  the  coffer- 
dam, the  continued  presence  of  which  was  subsequently  a 
cause  of  much  annoyance  and  expense.  The  contractor 
ultimately  failed  to  remove  this  coffer-dam  which  was  a part 
of  his  contract,  until  it  threatened  to  stop  entirely  the  flow 


34 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


of  water  into  the  well  and  cut  off  the  city  supply.  It  was 
then  removed  by  a dredge  employed  by  your  board,  and 
the  cost  of  the  work  was  charged  to  Mr.  Limerick. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  quantities  and  cost 
of  all  work  done  under  this  contract,  including  the  “ Added 
work,”  which  was  paid  for  at  cost  with  ten  per  cent,  added. 

Mr.  Limerick  has  declined  to  accept  this  final  estimate, 
and  has  entered  suit  against  you  for  the  recovery  of  $26,000 
which  he  claims  as  additional  compensation  for  the  “ Added 
work  ” done  by  him,  above  the  amount  allowed  him  by  your 
Chief  Engineer. 


c.  j.  LIMERICK. 

f 85.62  c.  yds.  Masonry,  @ $10.00 $ 856.20 

| 13.09  “ Brick  Arch,  @ $9.00....  117.81 

Aqueduct  in  coffer-dam,  -|  59.27  “ Concrete,  @ $7.00 414.89 

| 1780  lbs.  iron  in  grating  and  clamps, 

L @10  cts ; 178.00 

Aqueduct  in  tunnel,  122.24  1.  ft.,  @ $35.00, 4,278.40 

5434.1  c.  yds.  Masonry  in  house,  foundations  and  well,  @ $9.75,  52,982.48 
298.28  c.  yds.  Concrete,  @ $6.60, 1,968.65 

19182.5  lbs.  Iron  in  floor  and  well,  @ 5 cts., 9,591.25 

118.84  c.  yds.  Brick  arch  in  floor,  @ $7.00, 831.88 

93.71  c.  yds.  Concrete  in  floor,  @ 6.50, 609.12 

6.850  ft.  b.  m.  timber  in  floor,  @ $27.00, 184.95 

5394.20  c.  yds.  Embankment,  @ 45  cts., 2,427.39 

102.5  1.  ft.  6 inch  Drain  pipe,  @ 50  cts 51.25 

Setting  sluice  gate, 150 . 00 

House  above  foundations  and  floor,  complete 13,771.00 

Smoke  stack,  100  ft.  high,  complete, 3,950.00 


Total, $92,363.27 

Added  work, 6,505.55 

Total  amount, $98,868.82 

Deductions  for  material  and  labor  furnished  by  trustees, 1,455.84 

Total  net  amount  of  contract  work, $97,412.98 

Mr.  Limerick  has  been  paid, 91,344.86 

Leaving  a balance  in  his  favor  of $ 6,068.12 


Which  he  has  declined  to  accept  in  full  settlement  of 
his  contract. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


35 


PUMPING  ENGINES. 

The  contract  for  the  construction  and  erection  of  the 
pumping  machinery  was  executed  September  2nd,  1887, 
the  date  specified  for  the  completion  of  the  work  being 
August  1st,  1888. 

Owing  to  the  delays  in  the  construction  of  the  pump 
house,  the  condition  of  the  contract  as  to  time  of  completion 
of  the  machinery  could  not  be  carried  out.  All  that  could 
be  required  of  the  Holly  Manufacturing  Company,  was  that 
it  should  have  the  machinery  in  readiness  for  erection  when 
the  foundations  were  completed  by  Mr.  Limerick. 

The  boilers  and  the  first  pumping  engine  were  delivered 
in  December,  1888,  but  had  to  wait  until  February,  1889, 
for  the  completion  of  the  foundations  and  well,  and  the 
temporary  shed  required  for  the  erection  of  the  engine 
during  winter. 

The  work  of  erection  progressed  slowly  owing  to  inferior 
castings  which  had  to  be  replaced,  and  the  omission  of  the 
air  chambers  and  other  parts  which,  by  an  oversight. of  the 
contractors,  were  not  included  in  the  first  shipment  of  the 
machinery.  The  untimely  death  of  Mr.  Gaskill,  the  able 
Engineer  and  Manager  of  the  Holly  Company,  a short  time 
after  the  execution  of  the  contract,  was  the  principal  cause 
of  these  discrepencies  and  delays.  The  progress  of  work 
was  also  hampered  by  the  fact  that  the  house  was  being 
built  at  the  same  time  that  the  engines  were  being  erected, 
which  crowded  the  premises  uncomfortably  with  men  and 
materials,  and  interfered  with  the  best  disposition  of  both. 

The  first  engine  was  tried  in  November,  1889,  bursting 
a defective  16  inch  elbow  in  the  well. 

Under  the  emergency  created  by  the  failure  of  the  old 
works  in  Covington,  and  with  the  consent  of  the  Holly 
Company,  the  engines  were  put  into  service  on  January  13th, 
1890,  although  they  had  not  as  yet  been  properly  adjusted. 
The  men  employed  by  you  to  operate  the  engines,  were 


36 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


placed  under  the  immediate  direction  of  the  Holly  Com- 
pany’s agent. 

The  engines  did  not  work  satisfactorily  under  these 
conditions. 

On  February  23rd.  the  cross  head  of  engine  No  1 broke. 
On  March  13th,  the  cross  head  of  engine  No.  2 broke.  On 
March  14th,  two  joints  on  the  line  of  the  30  inch  force  main, 
about  half  way  up  the  hill  broke  simultaneously  with  a 20 
inch  elbow  in  the  well. 

These  accidents  were  probably  caused  by  the  water 
hammer  effect  produced  by  the  want  of  air  in  the  air  cham- 
bers, and  the  irregular  motion  of  the  engines.  The  inde- 
pendent Westinghouse  air  pump  had  not  yet  been  provided, 
the  air  chambers  had  not  yet  been  made  air  tight,  and  it  was 
found  impossible  at  the  time  to  maintain  properly  the  air 
supply. 

On  April  3rd,  1890,  the  service  was  resumed  with  men 
employed  directly  by  the  Holly  Company,  but  it  was  soon 
discovered  that  the  outside  jacket  of  the  four  high  pressure 
steam  cylinders  were  cracked,  which  made  it  necessary  to 
replace  these  cylinders.  This  was  done  without  interrupting 
the  service,  by  the  dismantling  and  repair  of  one  engine  at 
a time. 

Both  engines  ran  very  satisfactorily  during  the  summer 
and  fall,  and  everything  being  in  readiness  for  the  duty  test 
specified  in  the  contract,  the  test  was  made  with  the  assist- 
ance of  Mr.  Ch.  Hermany,  C.  E.,  beginning  November  25th, 
at  noon,  and  ending  December  5th,  at  noon.  The  separate 
reports  addressed  to  your  board  by  Mr.  Hermany  and  my- 
self on  the  results  of  this  test,  appear  as  exhibits  O and  P 
in  the  Appendix  to  this  report.  The  conclusions  were,  that 
the  performance  of  the  pumping  machinery  during  the  test, 
with  regard  to  the  consumption  of  coal  for  a certain  quantity 
of  water  delivered  in  the  reservoir,  was  within  the  limits 
specified  in  the  contract. 

On  March  13th,  1891,  the  engines  being  then  in  good 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


37 


working  condition,  were  finally  received  from  the  hands  of 
the  Holly  Company  and  a final  estimate  returned  in  favor  of 
that  Company. 

The  engines  have  since  that  time  continued  to  work 
satisfactorily,  and  should  continue  to  do  so  for  many  years, 
provided  the  necessary  care  and  attention  are  given  to  them. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  cost  of  the  work  done 
under  the  contract  with  the  Holly  Manufacturing  Co. 

THE  HOLLY  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

Two  pumping  engines  and  six  boilers  complete  with  all  appur- 

ten  ances $1 10,000.00 

One  4-foot  gate  for  intake  aqueduct, 996.00 

Iron  stairs  in  well,  erected,  11,427  lbs.  @ 7c  799.89 

One  8-inch  T connecting  with  steam  main, 15.21 

Two  8-inch  pipes  and  two  8-inch  elbows, ...  24.64 

Total  $111,835.74 

Deductions  for  material  and  labor  furnished  by  Trustees, 178.33 

Total  net  amount  of  contract  work  paid  to  the  Holly  Manufac- 
turing Company $111,657.41 

BILGE  PUMP  AND  HOISTING  BLOCK. 

On  June  11th,  1889,  a contract  was  executed  with  Mr. 
J.  K.  Rugg,  agent  for  Henry  Worthington,  for  the  delivery 
and  erection  of  a bilge  pump  of  the  admiralty  type  and  a 
three  ton  Weston  chain  block  for  raising  and  lowering  the 
pump  in  the  well.  This  plant  was  duly  delivered  and  erected. 
It  was  tested  by  pumping  out  the  well  on  several  occasions, 
and  a final  estimate  returned  in  favor  of  Mr.  Rugg  on  July 
10th,  1890,  for  the  amount  named  in  the  contract,  viz : 
$1,250.00. 

IRON  GUIDES  FOR  BILGE  PUMP. 

On  August  17th,  1889,  a contract  was  executed  with  the 
Walton  Architectural  Co.  for  making  and  erecting  the  iron 
guides  in  the  well  for  the  bilge  pump.  The  same  was  paid 
for  Nov.  8th,  1889,  $301.02. 


38 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer. 


PIPES  AND  CASTINGS. 

The  following  work  done  by  the  Newport  Pipe  and  Iron 
Foundry,  under  their  contract  of  May  10th,  1887,  is  charge- 
able to  the  construction  of  the  Pumping  Station  : 

Straight  pipe  furnished,  0.3050  tons,  @ $28.40, $ 8.66 

Special  castings  furnished,  1.2675  tons,  @ $50.00 63.38 

Tarring  castings,  gates  and  beams 45.00 

Bolts  for  valves 32 

Hauling  1.5725  tons  @ $2.25 3.54 


Total  amount $120.90 

TOTAL  AMOUNT  OF  CONTRACT  WORK. 

C.  J.  Limerick,  pump  house  and  aqueduct $ 97,412.98 

Holly  Manufacturing  Company,  pumping  machinery 111,657.41 

J.  K.  Kugg,  bilge  pump  and  hoisting  block,  1,250.00 

Newport  Pipe  and  Iron  Foundry,  pipes  and  castings  120.90 

Walton  Architectural  Company,  iron  guides 301.02 


Total  amount $210  742.31 

In  addition  to  the  contract  work,  the  following  items  of 
expenditure,  incurred  to  complete  and  equip  the  pumping 
station,  are  chargeable  to  the  construction  of  the  same  : 

Grounds  (5  49-100  acres) $ 8,523.20 

Heating  apparatus  for  engine  house 325.00 

Electric  light  plant, , 643.10 

Removing  coffer  dam  and  other  work  connected  with  construc- 
tion of  aqueduct, 1,461.95 

Nye  pump  and  connections,  483.78 

Water  closet 42.90 

Plumbing 58.00 

Water  gauge, 103.81 

Lumber  and  carpenter  work, 123.62 

Painting  and  varnishing, 102.10 

Valves  and  pipes, 23.78 

Miscellaneous  hauling  and  freight, 223  23 

Miscellaneous  labor  and  material, 301.28 

Miscellaneous  supplies, 69.17 

Testing  engines 987.95 

To  C.  & O.  R.  R.  for  side  track, 200.00 

Steps  up  river  bluff, 285  75 


Total  amount, 


$13,958.62 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


39 


RECAPITULATION  OF  COST. 


Cost  of  contract  work, $210,742.31 

Cost  outside  of  contract  work, 13,958.62 

Total  cost  of  pumping  station, $224,700.93 

Deduct  amount  paid  by  the  city  as  cost  of  pumping  water, 72.77 

Total  net  cost  of  pumping  station, $224,628.16 


OPERATION. 

After  the  coffer  dam  was  removed  from-  the  river  end  of 
the  aqueduct  last  fall,  it  was  intended  to  close  the  opening  by 
a temporary  bulkhead,  and  to  remove  by  hand  the  large 
quantity  of  clay  and  loose  rock  which  had  found  its  way  in 
the  tunnel  while  the  dredging  was  being  done.  Owing  to  a 
sudden  rise  in  the  river  as  work  was  about  to  be  started,  and 
to  a continued  high  stage  of  water  since  that  time,  the  ope- 
ration was  postponed  until  this  summer. 

I am  glad  to  report  that  the  diver  recently  employed  to 
make  a preliminary  examination  of  the  intake,  states  that  the 
greater  part  of  the  material  in  the  tunnel  ha^  been  washed 
away  by  the  action  of  the  flushing  device  provided  to  pre- 
vent the  accumulation  of  sediment  in  the  aqueduct,  render- 
ing the  cleaning  of  the  same  by  hand  unnecessary. 

Since  January  23d,  1890,  when  operation  began  for  the 
supply  of  the  city  from  the  new  works,  the  wages  of  the  em- 
ployees at  the  pumping  station  and  that  of  the  reservoir 
keeper  have  been  paid  by  your  Board,  but  refunded  by  the 
Water  Department  of  the  city. 

As  the  Water  Department  furnished  directly  the  coal 
and  the  greater  part  of  the  supplies  used  in  operating  the 
machinery,  I am  unable  to  give  correctly  the  cost  of  opera- 
tion. 

The  quantity  of  water  pumped  into  the  reservoir  from 
July  1st,  1890,  to  July  1st,  1891,  computed  from  the  number 
of  revolutions  of  the  engines  during  that  time,  and  allowing 
a slip  of  3 per  cent  for  the  pumps,  was  861,458,580  gallons,  * 


40 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


which  shows  an  average  daily  consumption  by  the  city  of 
2,360;  000  gallons. 

The  total  quantity  of  coal  burnt  during  that  time  was 
3,411,168  lbs.,  or  nearly  39,600  lbs.  for  every  ten  million 
gallons  delivered  into  the  reservoir.  The  average  height  of 
lift  for  the  year  was  359.05  feet.  The  quantity  of  coal  al- 
lowable under  the  specifications  for  this  lift  is  : 

36000x359  05  =34190  lbs. 

378.10 

Showing  an  excess  of  coal  burnt  for  every  ten  million  gal- 
lon, of  5,410  lbs.  per  cent.  The  greater  part  of 

this  excess  is  due  to  the  coal  consumed  for  keeping  up 
steam  in  the  boilers  when  the  engines  are  not  working, 
the  machinery  being  idle  more  than  one-half  of  the  time. 

When  it  is  further  considered  that  steam  is  also  used  for 
the  operation  of  the  electric  plant,  for  heating  the  building 
during  winter,  and  for  pumping  out  the  well  occasionally,  it 
would  appear  that  the  performance  of  the  engines  in  the 
conditions  of  ordinary  running,  is  not  far  from  the  stipula- 
tions of  the  contract. 

The  performance  will  be  further  improved  and  the  cost 
of  pumping  per  million  gallons  reduced,  both  as  to  fuel  and 
wages,  as  soon  as  an  increased  rate  of  consumption  allows  the 
machinery  to  be  operated  continuously. 

PIPE  LINES. 

FORCE  PIPE  LINE. 

The  force  or  discharge  pipe  of  the  engines  issues  from 
the  front  foundation  wall  of  the  pump  house,  nearly  at  right 
angles  therewith,  at  a depth  of  11  feet  9 inches  below  the 
floor.  It  is  securely  anchored  to  the  wall  by  iron  rods  and 
cross  beams  calculated  to  transmit  the  longitudinal  stress 
due  to  the  pressure  of  water  against  the  closed  end  of  the 
pipe. 

The  pipe  crosses  under  the  C.  & O.  R.  R.  track,  and 
ascends  the  steep  declivity  of  the  river  bluff,  rising  268  feet  in 
a distance  of  554  feet,  thence,  follows  the  side  slope  of  a ravine 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


41 


with  a continuous  ascending  grade  to  the  apex  of  the  line  at 
the  west  end  of  the  tunnel  under  the  Highland  pike,  where 
the  force  main  proper  ends,  and  the  influent  pipe  to  the  reser- 
voir begins,  being  a continuation  of  the  force  main  on  a 


descending  grade. 

Distance  from  pump  house  to  apex, 3,149  feet. 

Elevation  of  apex  above  floor  of  pump  house, 307.8  feet. 


Elevation  of  apex  above  extreme  low  water  at  pumphouse 378.10 feet. 

The  force  pipe  is  30  inches  inside  diameter  throughout. 
The  pipes  vary  in  thickness  according  to  their  position  on 
the  line,  there  being  three  grades  of  thickness,  viz : 1 inch, 
lyi  inches,  and  1 inches. 

There  is  only  one  stop  valve  on  the  line,  located  inside 
the  pump  house.  It  is  provided  with  an  8 inch  by  pass. 

At  the  apex  point,  is  an  open  stand  pipe  18  inch  diameter, 
which  prevents  the  accumulation  6f  air  at  that  point,  and 
serves  as  a safe-guard  in  case  that  all  the  stop  valves  on  the 
influent  pipe  line  should  be  accidentally  closed,  when  the 
pumping  engines  are  being  operated. 

On  the  steep  grade  of  the  bluff,  one  joint  of  pipe  every 
100  feet  is  laid  in  a wedge  shaped  block  of  concrete,  which 
relieves  the  pipes  from  a part  of  the  stress  due  to  their  own 
weight. 

The  tunnel  under  the  Highland  pike  was  constructed  to 
avoid  the  extra  cost  of  elevating  all  the  water  pumped  into 
the  reservoir  38  feet  higher,  which  is  the  difference  of  eleva- 
tion between  the  line  as  built,  and  a surface  line  under  the 
pike.  The  tunnel  is  300  feet  long,  8 feet  wide  and  8 feet  high  in 
the  clear  of  the  brick  arching.  A shaft  8x8  feet  gives  access 
to  it  at  the  west  end.  It  is  drained  by  an  18  inch  drain  pipe  at 
the  east  end.  The  pipe  is  supported  by  concrete  blocks  on 
the  floor  of  the  tunnel.  Outside  of  the  tunnel  it  conforms 
generally  with  the  undulations  of  the  surface,  with  a minimum 
depth  of  3 feet  of  earth  covering. 

SUPPLY  MAIN. 

The  supply  main  which  takes  the  water  from  the  reser- 
voir to  the  city,  issues  from  the  culvert  under  the  lower  dam 


42 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


on  the  Alexandria  pike,  and  follows  the  same  for  a distance 
of  about  3,800  feet. 

On  leaving  the  pike,  it  crosses  under  a branch  of  Three 
Mile  Creek,  and  follows  the  side  slopes  of  the  valley  to  Bud- 
de’s  road  for  a distance  of  about  3, 900  feet,  thence  Budde’s  road 
for  a distance  of  about  4,100  feet  to  the  Licking  pike,  thence 
the  Licking  pike  for  a distance  of  about  4,300  feet  to  a point 
near  Dana’s  coal  yard,  where  it  crosses  under  the  Louisville 
Short  Line  R.  R. , crosses  the  coal  yard,  and  reaches  the  C. 
& O.  R.  R.,  bridge  over  the  Licking.  The  pipe  crosses  the 
Licking  on  that  bridge  and  lands  in  Covington  near  the  foot 
of  Byrd  street. 

The  location  of  the  pipe  line  in  Covington,  is  on  Byrd 
street  westward  to  Stevens  street,  on  Stevens  northward  to 
13th  street,  on  13th  westward  to  Madison,  on  Madison  north- 
ward to  12th,  on  12th  westward  to  Russell,  on  Russell  north- 
ward to  3rd  street,  where  it  connects  with  the  20  inch  main 
from  the  old  works.  A 20  inch  branch  on  Greenup  street 
from  13th  to  3rd  street,  connects  also  the  main  line  with  the 
16  inch  line  on  3rd  street. 


The  grades  and  elevations  of  the  line  are  as  follows : 


Location. 

Continuous 
ascending  or 
descending  gr. 

Distance 
from  outlet 
lower  basin 
(approx.) 

Elevation 
above  L. 
W.  lower 
basin. 

Summit  or  de- 
pression. 

Outlet  lower  basin  to 1 
Branch  crossing  near  >- 
Budde’s  dairy J 

Descend’g. 

0 

7,750  feet. 

0 

209  feet. 

1 

Depression. 

Branch  crossing  near  1 
Budde’s  dairy  to  top  >- 
of  hill  inBudde’s  road.  J 

Ascending. 

10,900  “ 

76  “ 

Summit. 

Top  of  hill  in  Budde’s  | 
road  to  east  End  C.  & > 
O.B.B.bridge,  (below.)  J 

Descend’g. 

16,750  “ 

255  “ 

Depression. 

East  end  C.  & O.  R.  R.  ] 
bridge  (below)  to  East  ! 
end  C.&  O.R.R.  bridge  j 
(above.) J 

Ascending. 

16,750  “ 

221  “ 

East  end  C.  & O.  R.  R.  1 
bridge  (above)  to  West  [ 
end  C.  tSd  R.  R.  bridge 
(above) J 

Level. 

17,400  “ 

221  “ 

| Summit. 

To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


43 


(grades  and  elevations  continued.) 


Location. 

Continuous 
ascending  or 
lescending  gr. 

Distance 
from  outlet 
lower  basin 
(approx.) 

Elevation 
above  L.  ; 
W.  lower 
basin. 

Summit  or  De- 
pression. 

West  end  C.  & 0.  E.  E.  1 
bridge, (above)  to  West  [ 
end  C.  & 0.  E.  E.  [ 
bridge,  (below.) J 

Descend’g. 

17,400  feet. 

255 

feet. 

Depression. 

West  end  of  C.  & 0.  E.  'I 
bridge  (below)  to  ! 
crossing  Byrd  & Stev-  ( 
ens  Streets J 

Ascending. 

18,700 

a 

238 

U 

Summit. 

Crossing  Byrd  & Stevens  1 
Streets  to  crossing  > 
Stevens  & Pleasant  Sts  J 

Descending. 

19,200 

<< 

244 

it 

Depression. 

Crossing  Stevens  and ) 
Pleasant  Sts.  to  cross-  1 
ing  12th & Madison...  j 

Ascending. 

21,200 

ll 

209 

cc 

Summit. 

Crossing  12th  & Madi- 
son  to  crossing  12th  & >■ 
K.  C.  E.  E.  tracks J 

Descending. 

21,700 

(l 

219 

u 

Depression. 

Crossing  12th  and  K.  C.  1 
E.E.tracks  to  crossing  V 
11th  and  Enssell J 

Ascending. 

22,600 

i( 

195 

u 

Summit. 

Crossing  11th  & Eussell  1 
to  crossing  3d  and  V 
Eussell J 

Descending. 

26,100 

(i 

250 

u 

Depression. 

GREENUP  STREET  LINE. 

13th  and  Greenup | 

19,850  feet. 

254 

feet. 

On  Grade. 

Crossing  13th  & Green- 1 
up  to  Greenup  bet.  > 
11th  & Bush J 

Ascending. 

20,650 

« 

216 

U 

Summit. 

Greenup  bet.  Eleventh  ) 
and  Bush  to  Greenup  | 
between  Seventh  and  [ 

Eighth ....J 

Descending. 

22,250 

u 

239 

(( 

Depression. 

Greenup  bet.  Seventh  & ) 
Eighth  to  crossing  6th  V 
and  Greenup J 

Ascending. 

22,850 

a 

225 

u 

Summit. 

Crossing  6th  & Greenup  ) 
to  crossing  3d  and  > 
Greenup J 

Descending. 

24,200 

a 

230 

u 

On  Grade. 

44 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


From  the  reservoir  to  the  corner  of  Greenup  and  13th, 
the  pipes  are  30  inches  in  diameter,  and  vary  in  thickness 
from  1 inch  to  \ inches  according  to  their  position  on  the 
line  with  regard  to  elevation.  From  Greenup  and  13th  to 
12th  and  Russell,  the  pipes  are  24  inches  in  diameter  and  1 
inches  thick.  From  12th  and  Russell  to  3rd  street,  and  from 
Greenup  and  13th  to  3rd  street,  the  pipes  are  20  inches  in 
diameter  and  1 inch  thick. 

At,  all  points  of  depression,  blow-off  branches  have  been 
provided.  At  all  summit  points  air  valves  have  been  put  in. 

Stop  valves  have  been  put  in  at  the  following  points : 


Location. 

Approx  dis- 
tance from 
outlet  of  L.B 

Size  of  Valve. 

Where  line  leaves  Alexandria  pike. 

4,000  feet. 

One  30  inches. 

Budde’s  dairy 

7,750 

“ 

U (6 

cc 

Where  line  leaves  Licking  pike 

16,150 

U 

(C  U 

cc 

Crossing  of  Byrd  and  Rickey 

17,850 

u 

U CC 

cc 

U 

“ Greenup  and  13th 

19,850 

u 

“ 24 

“ one  20  in. 

u 

“ 12th  and  Russell 

22,150 

a 

cc  cc 

cc  cc  cc  cc 

U 

“ Russell  and  Pike 

24,200 

u 

“ 20 

a 

U 

“ Russell  and  3rd 

26,100 

u 

Two  “ 

cc 

u 

“ 8th  and  Greenup 

22,000 

“ 

One  “ 

cc 

u 

“ 3rd  and  Greenup 

24,200 

u 

cc  cc 

“ one  16  in. 

Every  30  inch  valve  has  a 6 inch  by-pass.  All  the  valves 
are  enclosed  in  substantial  brick  vaults  properly  drained,  and 
built  with  openings  large  enough  to  allow  the  removal  of  the 
valves  for  repairs  without  interference  with  the  brick  work. 

Branches  for  connections  with  the  city  mains,  have  been 
put  in  at  all  street  intersections  in  the  city,  but  the  connec- 
tions have  not  been  made,  this  should  properly  be  done  by 
the  men  in  charge  of  the  water  department  of  the  city. 

All  the  valves  required  for  the  pipe  line  and  the  connec- 
tions with  the  city  mains,  were  furnished  by  the  Eddy  Valve 
Co.,  of  Waterford,  N.  Y. 

The  pipes  are  generally  laid  to  a depth  of  5 feet  below 
the  surface  of  the  ground,  measuring  from  the  center  of  the 
pipe,  the  minimum  depth  of  earth  covering  allowed  is  3 feet. 
In  fills  across  abrupt  depression  of  the  ground,  where  the 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


45 


pipe  is  above  the  original  surface,  it  is  supported  by  walls  of 
dry  masonry. 

The  pipe  line  crosses  four  branches  of  Three  Mile  Creek. 
The  first  one  near  the  reservoir,  is  over  an  8 feet  arch  built  for 
that  purpose.  The  second  one  is  near  the  point  where  the 
line  leaves  the  Alexandria  pike.  The  bed  of  the  stream  at 
that  point  is  in  blue  shale,  the  pipe  crosses  in  a trench  exca- 
vated into  the  blue  shale  and  packed  with  concrete,  the  con- 
crete is  protected  by  a covering  of  limestone  paving  laid 
in  cement.  The  third  crossing  is  near  Budde’s  dairy,  un- 
der an  open  culvert  paved  with  limestone  laid  in  cement. 
The  fourth  crossing  is  on  Budde’s  road  over  an  8 feet  arch 
built  for  that  purpose. 

The  line  crosses  the  Licking  on  the  C.  &0.  R.  R.  bridge 
by  virtue  of  an  agreement  concluded  with  the  Railroad  Com- 
pany on  January  23rd,  1889,  which  appears  as  exhibit  Q in 
the  appendix  to  this  report. 

The  cost  of  an  inverted  syphon  under  the  river  at  that 
point,  would  have  been  less  perhaps  than  the  prices  paid  to 
the  Railroad  Company  for  the  privilege  of  using  its  bridge, 
but  the  advantage  of  greater  security  and  of  accessibility  to 
the  pipe  for  repairs,  were  of  such  importance  as  to  overbal- 
ance any  saving  which  could  have  been  made  by  the  adoption 
of  the  syphon  plan.  The  banks  of  the  Licking  at  that 
point  are  subject  to  frequent  and  extensive  slides.  The  sand 
and  boulder  deposit  overlaying  the  bed  rock  in  the  bottom 
of  the  river  is  about  30  feet  deep,  and  the  freshets  in  the 
stream  are  occasionally  of  such  violence  as  to  preclude  any 
dependence  on  this  loose  material  for  a permanent  foundation. 

The  pipe  rises  vertically  from  the  ground  at  each  end  of 
the  bridge  about  35  feet,  and  runs  horizontally  under  the  floor 
between  the  two  tracks  for  a distance  of  623  ft.  It  is  sus- 
pended to  the  inside  iron  stringers  by  wrought  iron  yokes 

in.  square,  spaced  about  10  ft.  apart,  it  is  braced  sideways 
by  ljfj  in.  rods  spaced  about  20  ft.  and  attached  to  the  out- 
side stringers. 


46 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


A stuffing  box  at  each  end,  provides  for  the  expansion 
and  contraction  of  the  pipe  and  the  end  elbows  are  securely 
anchored  to  the  masonry  of  the  piers,  by  iron  rods  propor- 
tioned to  resist  the  thrust  due  to  the  hydrostatic  pressure 
against  these  elbows. 

An  air  valve  is  placed  on  the  horizontal  stretch  half  way 
between  the  ends. 

The  length  of  the  exposed  part  of  the  pipe  is  about  683 
feet.  Owing  to  the  size  of  the  pipe  no  covering  protection 
against  frost  is  considered  to  be  necessary  as  long  as  the  pipe 
is  in  service,  and  none  has  been  put  in.  If  it  should  happen 
from  any  cause  that  the  circulation  of  water  in  the  pipe  be 
stopped  during  very  cold  weather,  the  pipe  should  be 
emptied. 

The  supply  which  the  pipe  line  is  able  to  furnish  is  lim- 
ited to  the  quantity  of  water  which  can  flow  at  the  summit 
point  in  Budde’s  road  10,900  ft.  from  the  outlet  of  the  reser- 
voir and  76  ft.  below  the  low  water  line  in  the  lower  basin, 
this  quantity  is  over  20  million  gallons  in  24  hours,  which  is 
the  ultimate  capacity  of  the  works  as  planned.  Should  the 
daily  consumption  of  the  city  ever  exceed  this  amount,  the 
capacity  of  the  pipe  could  be  increased  by  tunneling  under 
the  summit.  A tunnel  900  ft.  long,  costing  about  $25,000 
would  allow  the  pipe  to  be  lowered  about  40  ft.  at  that  point 
and  increase  its  capacity  about  5 million  gallons  in  24  hours, 
but  owing  to  the  great  loss  of  pressure  by  friction  in  a 30  in. 
pipe  at  that  rate  ol  delivery,  it  will  probably  be  found  advisa- 
ble to  replace  the  30  in.  pipe  by  a larger  one,  or  to  duplicate 
the  line  of  30  in.  pipe,  before  the  daily  consumption  has 
reached  20  million  gallons. 

RIGHT  OF  WAY. 

A right  of  way  15  ft.  wide  was  secured  from  the  land 
owners  whose  property  is  traversed  by  the  force  and  supply 
pipe  lines,  the  pipe  is  generally  laid  in  the  center  of  this  15 
ft.  strip.  Indemnities  were  paid  to  the  Alexandria  and  Lick- 
ing Pike  Companies  for  the  privilege  of  layingand  maintain- 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


47 


ing  the  pipe  on  these  highways.  The  pipe  is  generally  laid  on 
the  side  of  the  pike  next  to  the  hill  side,  to  secure  a firmer 
foundation.  The  amounts  paid  for  right  of  way  are  as  follows  : 


To  land  owners  for  a 15  ft.  strip, $ 7,214  30 

To  the  Maysville  & Big  Sandy  K.  R.  for  the  privilege  of  crossing 

on  the  Licking  bridge  20,000.00 

To  the  Newport  & Licking  Turnpike  Co 3,640.00 

To  the  Campbell  Turnpike  Co.  (Alexandria  pike) 3,000.00 


Total  amount  paid  for  right  of  way $33,854.30 


In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  cities  of  Covington  and  New- 
port are  each  dependent  for  their  water  supply  on  a single 
line  of  conduit  from  their  respective  reservoirs,  the  danger  of  a 
water  famine  to  both  cities,  arising  from  a possible  break  of 
these  conduits,  could  be  averted  to  a great  extent  by  the  con- 
struction of  a branch  line  starting  from  the  stop  valves  on  the 
Licking  pike  near  Finchtown,  running  down  to  the  Newport 
and  Covington  bridge  on  Brighton  street  in  Newport,  thence 
across  the  bridge  to  a connection  with  the  20  in.  main  on  4th 
and  Greenup  in  Covington.  The  length  of  this  branch  line 
would  be  about  6,900  ft.,  it  should  be  laid  with  16  in.  pipes 
and  connected  with  the  16  in.  main  on  York  street  in  New- 
port, which  is  2,300  ft.  east  of  Brighton  street. 

Provision  has  been  made  in  the  construction  of  the  New- 
port and  Covington  bridge  for  carrying  a 16  in  main  under 
the  floor  of  the  wagon  way. 

CONSTRUCTION. 


The  construction  of  the  pipe  line  was  done  under  the 
following  contracts : 


No.  of 
Con. 

Date  of 
Execution. 

Name  of 
Contractors. 

Kind  of  Work. 

Date  of  final 
Estimate. 

1 

May  10, 1887. 

Newport  Iron  and 
Pipe  Foundry. 

Making  of  pipes] 
and  castings. 

\ 

Mar.  5,  1889. 
and 

2 

May  10, 1887. 

Newport  Iron  and 
Pipe  Foundry. 

Delivery  of  pipes  | 
and  castings.  J 

1 

Sep.  26, 1890. 

Jun.  14,1889. 

3 

July  1,  1887. 

McRae  & Lally. 

Pipe  laying.  V 

and 

J 

Feb.  24,1891. 

48 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


The  specifications  for  these  contracts  appear  as  exhibits 
C,  D and  R in  the  appendix  to  this  report,  the  general  form 
of  contract  is  the  same  as  given  in  exhibit  A. 

MANUFACTURE  AND  DELIVERY  OF  PIPES  AND  CASTINGS. 

All  the  pipes  and  castings  for  the  pipe  line  as  well  as  for 
the  reservoir  were  made  in  the  foundry  of  the  Newport  Pipe 
and  Iron  Foundry  (now  the  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Com- 
pany) in  Newport,  Ky.  Owing  to  delays  in  the  completion 
of  their  new  foundry,  the  contractors  did  not  begin  to  make 
and  deliver  the  pipes  until  the  month  of  September,  1887. 

The  pipes  were  inspected  at  the  foundry  by  an  inspector 
employed  by  your  board,  and  tested  under  a hydrostatic  pres- 
sure of  800  lbs.  per  square  inch.  They  were  again  inspected 
in  the  field  after  delivery  by  the  inspector  for  the  pipe  laying. 

The  iron  used  for  the  manufacture  of  the  pipe  was  tested 
every  day  for  tensile  strength  at  the  foundry,  and  showed 
generally  a resistance  of  more  than  20,000  lbs.  per  square 
inch. 

Only  6 joints  of  pipe  were  rejected  in  the  field  for  defect 
in  manufacturing  or  damages  received  in  delivery. 

All  the  pipes  and  castings  were  coated  by  dipping  in 
coal  tar  while  hot. 

With  the  exception  of  the  two  joints  of  30  inch  pipe 
broken  on  the  force  main  during  the  first  trial  of  the  pump- 
ing engines,  no  break  has  occured  to  the  present  time  on  the 
pipe  line. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  quantities  and  cost 
of  all  pipes  and  castings  made  and  delivered  by  the  Newport 
Pipe  and  Iron  Foundry  for  the  pipe  lines. 


Straight  pipes, 5,626.8955  tons  @ $28.40  $159,803.83 

Special  castings 117.5685  tons  (7<)  50.00  5,878.43 

Delivery 5,744.4640  tons  @ 2.25  12,925.04 

Added  work 114.42 


$178,721.72 

$ 41.18 
242.53 

283.71 


Total  net  amount $178,438.01 


Total 

Deduct  8,235  lbs.  of  scrap  @ %c 

Deduct  labor  and  material  furnished  by  Trustees... 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


49 


PIPE  LAYING. 

The  work  of  pipe  laying  was  begun  by  McRae  & Lally 
in  September,  1887,  on  the  supply  main  line  in  Finchtown, 
and  was  practically  completed  in  1888,  with  the  exception  of 
the  pipe  laying  on  the  Licking  bridge  and  the  connections 
with  the  city  main  on  3rd  street  and  with  the  pump- 
ing engines  at  the  pumping  station.  The  connection  with 
the  city  main  on  3rd  street  were  only  mad  ; by  McRae 
& Lally  in  February,  1889,  and  the  connection  at  the  pump 
house  was  made  by  a force  of  men  employed  by  your  board 
in  the  absence  of  McRae  & Lally. 

The  force  pipe  was  filled  with  water  for  the  first  time  on 
November  21st,  1889,  and  stood  the  test  well,  there  has  not 
been  a leak  on  the  line  to  the  present  date. 

On  March  14th,  1890,  two  adjoining  pipes  on  the  line 
about  half  the  way  up  the  river  bluff,  broke  suddenly,  no  ap- 
parent defect  could  be  discovered  in  the  broken  pipes,  the 
accident  was  probably  due  to  the  effect  of  a water  hammer, 
produced  by  the  irregular  working  of  the  pumping  engines 
which  had  not  at  the  time  been  properly  adjusted. 

The  line  of  the  supply  main  was  filled  with  water  from 
the  reservoir  to  the  Licking  bridge  on  December  5th,  1889. 
The  water  was  let  into  the  pipe  over  the  bridge  and  partly 
into  the  line  in  Covington,  on  December  13th,  1889,  when  the 
anchorage  securing  the  elbow  at  the  Newport  end  ol  the  bridge 
yielded  to  the  pressure  owing  to  the  inferior  character  of  the 
masonry  of  the  bridge  pier;  investigation  showed  that  this 
masonry  notwithstanding  its  first-class  appearance  on  the 
face,  had  been  laid  practically  with  dry  hearting  and  without 
any  bond  between  the  stones,  allowing  the  anchor  beam  and 
the  face  stones  against  which  it  rested  to  plow  their  way 
through  the  pier  bodily,  without  disturbing  the  adjoining 
stones. 

The  anchorage  at  the  Covington  end  of  the  bridge 
showed  no  sign  of  yielding,  the  masonry  at  that  point  being 
evidently  of  better  quality. 


50 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


It  was  thought  more  prudent  however,  to  place  no  reli- 
ance whatever  on  the  good  quality  of  the  masonry,  and  both 
anchorages  were  remodeled  to  satisfy  this  condition. 

Water  was  let  into  the  remainder  of  the  supply  main 
and  into  the  city  mains  on  January  21st,  1890. 

It  was  found  that  the  material  of  the  fills  at  the  corner 
of  18th  and  Stevens  and  of  13th  and  Madison  was  so  loose  as 
to  afford  insufficient  backing  support  for  the  elbows  at  these 
points.  This  led  to  the  insertion  of  timber  platform  back- 
ings at  all  the  elbows  in  the  city.  These  platforms  being  built 
of  white  oak  will  last  several  years.  They  should  be  replaced 
with  a solid  concrete  backing  before  the  timbers  become  seri- 
ously affected  by  decay. 

Quite  a number  of  leaky  joints  on  the  line  had  to  be  re- 
caulked, but  no  break  of  pipe  has  yet  occurred.  The  entire 
line  is  now  in  perfect  condition,  it  should  be  carefully 
watched  and  all  leaks  stopped  promptly,  especially  on  that 
part  of  the  line  between  the  Alexandria  pike  and  Budde’s 
dairy,  and  between  the  Licking  pike  and  the  bridge,  on  ac- 
count of  the  great  danger  of  slides  at  those  points. 

The  following  is  an  itemized  statement  of  the  quantities 
and  cost  of  all  work  done  by  McRae  & Lally. 


22,711.4 

1.  ft.  30  in.  Pipe  laid 

©$ 

1.75 

$ 39,744.95 

2,286.5 

CC 

24  “ 

cc 

CC 

1.39 

3,178.24 

8,297.9 

“ 

20  “ 

cc 

cc 

1.15 

......  9,542.58 

15. 

cc 

18  “ 

cc 

u 

.80 

12.00 

18.2 

cc 

16  “ 

cc 

cc 

.72 

13.10 

12.2 

cc 

12  “ 

cc 

cc 

.50 

6.10 

51.8 

cc 

10  “ 

cc 

cc 

.43 

22.27 

952.4 

cc 

8 “ 

cc 

cc 

.35 

333.34 

231.4 

cc 

6 “ 

cc 

‘£ 

.30 

69*42 

5 

30  in 

. Valves 

set 

cc 

3.50 

17.50 

2 

24  “ 

a 

ll 

3.50 

7.00 

7 

20  “ 

a 

u 

3.50 

24.50 

1 

15  “ 

u 

cc 

3.00 

3.00 

10 

10  “ 

u 

cc 

1 75 

17.50 

8 

8 “ 

u 

« 

1.50 

12.00 

39 

6 “ 

a 

cc 

1.00 

39.00 

7 

4 “ 

u 

cc 

1.C0 

7.00 

To  the 

Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 

51 

16 

Air  valves,.. 

4.00 

64.00 

10 

1.  ft.  24  in. 

Drain  pipe  laid 

a 

3.50 

35.00 

4 

“ 21  “ 

it 

a 

2.75 

11.00 

238.8 

“ 18  “ 

tt 

a 

2.00 

476.60 

35. 

“ 15  “ 

U 

u 

1 .622 

56.87 

29. 

“ 12  “ 

tt 

u 

1.25 

36.25 

379. 

“ 6 “ 

it 

It 

.50 

189.50 

1,396. 

it  4 it 

it 

a 

.35 

488.60 

37.04  cu.  yds.  Stone  Arch  Masonry “ 9.00 333.60 


249.05 

it 

Broken  Range  Masonry,.. 

U 

6.09 

....  1,494.30 

38.38 

it 

Brick  Arch  “ 

u 

9.00 

345.42 

96.19 

it 

Brick  “ 

u 

7.00 

673.33 

27.46 

a 

Rubble 

u 

4.00 

109.84 

145.31 

it 

Dry  “ .. 

u 

5.00 

726.55 

188.38 

tt 

Concrete  “ 

u 

5.00 

941.90 

35.91 

a 

Stone  Paving  in  Cement- 

u 

4.00 

143.64 

55.15 

it 

Stone  Paving  Dry 

a 

3.00 

165.45 

11.11 

tt 

Broken  Stone  in  founda’n,. 

a 

2.50 

27.78 

316. 

ft.  b.  m.  Timber  in  foundation,... 

tt 

40.00 

12.64 

295.5 

1.  ft.  Tunnel,  complete, 

U 

28.00 

....  8,274.00 

22. 

“ Shaft,  “ 

a 

15.00 

330.00 

1. 

Entrance  House 

tt 

100.00 

100.00 

Added  work, 1,436.78 

Total  amount  of  Work $ 69,522.55 

Deductions  for  labor  and  material  furnished, 1,009.96 


Net  amount  of  work  paid  to  McRae  & Lally $ 68,512.59 

TOTAL  AMOUNT  OF  CONTRACT  WORK. 

To  the  Newport  Pipe  and  Iron  Foundry  for  making  and  de- 


livering pipes  and  castings $178,438.01 

To  McRae  & Lally  for  pipe  laying 68,512.59 

Total  amount , $246,950.60 


The  following  items  of  expenditure  and  of  work  not 
done  under  contract,  are  also  chargeable  to  the  cost  of  con- 
struction of  the  pipe  line. 


Valves  and  valve  fixtures  and  repair  of  same, $ 4,559.59 

Inspection  of  pipes  and  castings  at  foundry, 1,015.31 

Anchorage  of  pipe  on  Licking  bridge  and  suspenders, 1,535.87 

Remodeling  of  anchorage 521.78 

Bracing  of  pipe  on  Licking  bridge  487.68 

Revision  and  repair  of  pipe  line,  Material, 264.16 


52 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


Revision  and  repair  of  pipe  line,  Labor 1,092.10 

Miscellaneous  labor  and  material 134.44 

Miscellaneous  hauling  and  freight 52.95 

Damage  paid  land  owners 40.00 

Right  of  way 33,854.30 

Total, $ 43,558.18 

RECAPITULATION  OF  COST. 

Cost  of  contract  work $246,950.60 

Cost  outside  of  contract  work 43,558.18 

Total  cost  of  pipe  lines, $290,508.78 


ENGINEERING. 

The  surveys  for  the  location  of  the  different  parts  of  the 
work  were  all  done  by  Mr.  Alfred  Petry,  who  was  appointed 
Resident  Engineer  when  construction  began  in  1888,  and 
remained  in  charge  of  the  work  until  its  completion. 

In  addition  to  Mr.  Petry  the  following  assistants  were 
employed  at  various  times  during  the  progress  of  the  work. 
In  the  Office — 

K.  E.  Hilgard,  Draughtsman. 

W.  H.  Schuerman,  Draughtsman. 

C.  N.  Miller,  Draughtsman. 

In  the  Field — 

J.  D.  Darlington,  Assistant  Engineer. 

Paul  Forwerg,  Assistant  Engineer. 

Eugene  Carroll,  Assistant  Engineer. 

C.  P.  Yeatman,  Assistant  Engineer. 

Willis  Kennedy,  Rodman  and  Ass’t  Eng’r. 

J.  B.  DeLaney,  Rodman. 

Thomas  Ryan,  Inspector  of  Masonry. 

Wm.  Thompson,  Inspector  of  Pipe  Laying. 
Lee  Whittaker,  Inspector  of  Machinery. 

I desire  to  acknowledge  my  personal  obligation  to  all 
the  members  of  the  Engineer  Corps  for  their  able  co-opera- 
tion. The  good  quality  of  the  work  done  is  due  in  the 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


58 


largest  measure  to  the  vigilance  and  good  judgment  displayed 
in  the  performance  of  their  duty. 

The  following  statement  gives  the  cost  of  engineering : 


f 1887 $ 8,855.10 

I 1888 12,801.31 

Salaries.  \ 1889 12,640.21 

I 1890 11,043.88 

[l891 4,061.33 

Supplies 1,506.61 


. Total  cost  of  Engineering $50,908.44 

RECAPITULATION  OF  COST  OF  CONSTRUCTION. 

Reservoir...... $ 505,924.54 

Pumping  Station 224,628.16 

• Pipe  Line 290,508.78 

Engineering, . 50,908.44 

f Current  expenses,  including  salaries  of  trustees, 

auditor,  janitor,  rents,  hire  of  livery  &c 30,848.78 

Legal  expenses 5,263.40 

Incidental  expenses,  including  postage,  tolls, 

traveling  expenses,  &c  1,329.48 


General  Contingent  expenses 189.32 

Expenses.  Advertising  and  printing 2,071.49 


Stationery 421.02 

Office  furniture 437.37 

Horse  and  wagon 304.50 

[ Borings  in  Licking  River 177.00 


Total  cost  of  plant  to  August  1st,  1891 $1,113,012.28 


ADDITIONAL  REQUIREMENTS. 

Temporary  gates  have  been  erected  across  the  three  roads 
leading  to  the  reservoir  from  the  Highland  and  Alexandria 
pikes,  to  regulate  the  admission  of  vehicles  on  the  grounds, 
but  the  grounds  will  be  exposed  to  the  incursion  of  cattle 
from  the  adjoining  fields  until  a substantial  fence  is  built  on  the 
boundary  lines  and  connected  with  the  gates. 

A dwelling  house  for  the  reservoir  keeper  is  a necessity, 
it  is  important  that  the  man  in  charge  of  the  reservoir  should 
always  remain  on  the  ground. 


54 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


Dwelling  houses  for  the  engineers  and  other  employees  at 
the  pumping  station  should  also  be  provided  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble, there  are  no  convenient  boarding  places  in  the  neighbor- 
hood and  the  men  are  working  under  conditions  of  great 
personal  discomfort,  which  is  detrimental  to  the  good  of  the 
service. 

For  convenience  and  prompt  action  in  case  of  accidents 
telephonic  communication  should  be  completed  between  the 
pump  house,  the  reservoir  and  the  office  of  the  superinten- 
dent of  the  water  department  in  the  city. 

Very  respectfully, 

G.  BOUSCAREN, 

Chief  Engineer. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


55 


APPENDIX. 


EXHIBIT  “ A.” 

COVINGTON  NEW  WATER  WORKS. 


GENERAL  FORM  OF  CONTRACT. 


This  agreement  made  and  concluded  this day  of  , 

1887,  by  and  between of  the  first  part  and  the  Trustees  of 

the  Covington  Reservoir  of  the  second  part : Witnesseth,  that  in 
consideration  of  the  undertakings,  agreements  and  promises  of  the 

said  Trustees  hereinafter  contained,  the  said hereby  covenant 

and  agree  and  bind  themselves,  their  successors  and  assigns,  strictly 
in  accordance  with  the  terms  and  stipulations  of  this  agreement  and 
the  proposition  of  the  said  party  of  the  first  part,  hereunto  attached, 
and  with  the  specifications  forming  a part  of  this  agreement  and  under 
the  direction  of  the  chief  engineer  of  the  said  Trustees  and  under 
his  supervision  and  control,  to  furnish  all  the  material  and  tools  and 
do  the  works  opposite  which  prices  are  affixed  in  their  proposal,  per- 
taining to called  for  by  this  agreement,  the  same  to  be  done 

in  all  particulars  in  accordance  with  the  specifications  that  are  apart 
thereof  and  the  plans  and  drawings  that  may  be  from  time  to  time 
furnished  by  the  chief  engineer  of  said  Trustees  and  all  of  which 
are  made  a part  hereof. 

It  is  further  expressly  agreed  and  understood  that  the  prices 
affixed  to  their  proposal  by  the  said  party  of  the  first  part,  shall  be 
and  are  hereby  accepted  as  full  and  entire  consideration  for  labor, 
materials  and  tools  required  to  complete  and  put  in  permanent  work- 
ing order,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  engineer,  each  and  all  the  works 
required  to  be  done  under  the  provisions  of  this  contract  and  these 
specifications,  and  to  maintain  the  same  in  a good,  perfect,  and  wa- 


56 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


ter  tight  condition  for  a period  of  six  months  after  the  acceptance  of 
the  entire  completed  work  by  said  engineer. 

That  the  said  Trustees  shall  be  and  are  hereby  authorized  to 
appoint,  under  their  engineer,  such  inspectors  and  assistant  engi- 
neers as  they  may  deem  proper  to  inspect  the  materials  to  be  fur- 
nished and  the  work  to  be  done  and  to  see  that  the  same  strictly 
correspond  with  the  specifications  and  plans.  1'hat  all  works  here- 
in referred  to,  necessary  to  fully  complete  and  put  in  working  order 

shall  be  executed  in  the  best, 

most  thorough  and  workmanlike  manner  with  the  best  of  materials 
of  their  several  kinds  to  the  full  satisfaction  of  and  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  engineer  for  the  Trustees  and  in  conformity  with  the 
drawings  prepared  to  illustrate  said  works,  and  with  the  instructions 
explanatory  thereof. 

That  the shall  commence  on  or  before  the , and 

shall  be  fully  completed  and  delivered  to  the  Trustees  on . 

That  to  insure  prompt  and  speedy  action,  and  save  the  party  of  the 
second  part  from  loss  from  any  cause  whatsoever,  the  party  of  the 
second  part  reserves  the  right  to  order  and  direct  the  work  to  be  prose- 
cuted at  such  points  as  the  engineer  may  designate  and  to  order  such 
force  worked  at  such  points  as  he  may  deem  necessary  to  complete  the 
work  to  be  done  within  the  time  specified,  and  should  the  party  of 
the  first  part  fail  to  comply  with  said  order  by  neglecting  or  refusing 
to  employ  such  force  or  fail  at  any  time  or  in  any  wise  to  prosdcute 
the  work  and  every  part  of  it  in  such  manner  as  in  the  opinion  of 
the  engineer  is  necessary  to  give  reasonable  assurance  of  the  comple- 
tion of  the  same  within  the  time  specified,  or  should  the  party  of  the 
first  part  persist  in  any  of  said  work,  in  an  improper  manner,  or  in  em- 
ploying improper  persons  or  in  neglecting  or  evading  the  performance 
of  their  obligation  under  this  contract,  in  any  manner,  then  the  party 
of  the  second  part  or  their  engineer,  after  giving  ten  days  written 
notice  to  the  person  in  charge,  without  the  evil  complained  of  being 
corrected  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  said  engineer,  under  the  ad- 
vice of  the  Trustees  may  declare  this  contract  forfeited,  and  in  such 
case  all  the  rights  of  the  party  of  the  first  part  under  this  contract 
shall  from  thenceforth  cease  and  be  determined  and  the  party  of  the 
second  part  may  thereupon  proceed  to  take  possession  of  and  use  in 
completing  the  work  or  any  part  of  it,  such  tools,  machinery,  tene- 
ments and  other  buildings  and  materials  as  may  be  on  the  work  or 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


57 


prepared  for  it  and  belonging  to  the  party  of  the  first  part,  to  em- 
ploy such  number  of  workmen,  laborers,  teams  and  foremen  as  may 
in  the  opinion  of  the  engineer,  be  necessary  to  insure  the  completion 
of  the  work  within  the  time  hereinbefore  limited  or  as  soon  there- 
after as  may  be  practicable  at  such  prices  and  wages  as  may  be  found 
necessary  or  expedient  to  give,  and  charge  over  the  amount  so  paid, 
to  the  party  of  the  first  part  as  so  much  money  paid  to  said  party  of 
the  first  part  on  this  contract,  and  if  for  failure  in  any  manner  for 
non  compliance  with  the  Engineer’s  direction  or  for  any  omission  or 
neglect  of  the  requirements  of  this  agreement  by  the  party  of  the 
first  part,  this  contract  shall  be  declared  forfeited,  the  party  of  the 
second  part  may  at  their  option  take  possession  of  and  re-let  the  work 
to  other  parties,  the  same  as  if  this  contract  had  never  existed  and 
such  declaration  of  forfeiture  shall  exonerate  the  said  party  of  the  sec- 
ond part  from  any  and  all  obligations  and  liabilities  arising  under 
this  contract  and  the  reserved  percentage  upon  work  done  shall  be 
forfeited  absolutely  to  the  party  of  the  second  part  and  by  them  re- 
tained for  ever  as  liquidated  damages,  and  the  party  of  the  first  part 
agrees  to  give  peaceable  and  immediate  possession  of  all  said  work 
to  the  party  of  the  second  part  or  its  authorized  agents  and  con- 
tractors. 

That  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  shall  indemnify  and  save  the 
said  Trustees  harmless  from  all  claims  against  said  Trustees  for  labor 
done  and  materials  furnished  under  this  contract,  and  shall  furnish 
the  said  Trustees  with  satisfactory  evidences,  when  called  for  by 
them,  that  all  persons  who  have  done  work  or  furnished  materials 
under  this  contract  for  which  the  said  Trustees  or  the  city  of  Cov- 
ington may  become  liable  under  any  law  of  the  State  of  Kentucky, 
have  been  fully  paid  or  satisfactorily  secured  ; and  in  case  such  evi- 
dence is  not  furnished,  an  amount  necessary  or  sufficient  to  meet 
the  claims  of  the  persons  aforesaid,  shall  be  retained  from  the  money 
due  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  under  this  contract,  until  the  lia- 
bilities atoresaid  shall  be  fully  discharged  or  satisfactorily  secured. 

That  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  shall  execute  a bond  in  such 
sum  and  with  such  securities  as  shall  be  approved  by  the  said  Trus- 
tees for  the  faithful  performance  of  this  contract,  conditioned  to 
indemnify  and  save  harmless  the  said  Trustees  and  the  said  City  of 
Covington  from  all  suits  and  actions  of  every  name  and  description 
brought  against  the  said  Trustees  or  the  said  City  of  Covington  for 


58 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


or  on  account  of  any  injuries  or  damages  received  or  sustained  by 
any  person  or  persons  by  or  from  said  party  of  the  first  part,  their 
servants  or  agents,  in  the  fulfillment  of  this  contract  or  by  or  on  ac- 
count of  any  act  or  omission  of  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  or 
their  agents  or  by  reason  of  failure  by  the  said  party  of  the  first  part 

to in  the  manner  and  at  the  time  hereinbefore  agreed  upon 

and  for  the  faithful  performance  of  this  contract  by  the  party  of  the 
first  part ; and  that  so  much  of  the  money  due  the  said  party  of  the 
first  part  under  this  contract,  as  shall  be  considered  necessary  by  the 
said  Trustees  may  be  retained  by  the  said  Trustees  until  all  such^ 
suits  for  claims  or  damages  as  aforesaid  shall  have  been  settled  and 
evidence  to  that  effect  furnished  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Trustees. 

PAYMENTS. 

On  or  about  the  first  day  of  each  month  during  the  progress  of 
the  work,  an  estimate  shall  be  made  of  the  relative  value  of  the 
work  done,  to  be  judged  of  by  the  engineer  and  upon  his  certificate 
of  the  amount  being  presented  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  at  a regu- 
lar meeting,  eighty-five  per  cent,  of  the  amount  of  said  estimate 
shall  be  paid  to  the  said  party  of  the  first  part.  When  all  work  em- 
braced in  the  contract  is  completed  agreeably  to  the  specifications 
and  in  accordance  with  the  directions  and  to  the  satisfaction  and 
acceptance  of  the  engineer  for  the  Trustees,  there  shall  be  made  a 
final  estimate  of  the  quantity,  quality,  character  and  value  of  said 
work  agreeably  to  the  terms  of  this  agreement,  by  and  under  the 
direction  of  the  chief  engineer;  when  the  balance  appearing  due  to 
the  said  party  of  the  first  part,  less  ten  per  cent,  of  the  entire 
amount,  shall  be  paid  to  them  upon  their  furnishing  the  engineer  of 
said  Trustees  with  a sworn  statement  that  all  their  obligations  due 
for  materials  and  labor  have  been  paid  and  the  engineer’s  certificate 
presented  to  the  Trustees  by  them. 

The  remaining  ten  per  cent,  shall  be  paid  at  the  expiration  of 
six  months  after  the  completion  of  the  work  on  presentation  by  the 
party  of  the  first  part  of  a certificate  from  the  Engineer  for  the 
Trustees  to  the  effect  that  the  entire  work  is  then  in  a perfect  and 
water-tight  condition. 

The  monthly  estimates  are  to  be  paid  on  or  about  the  fifteenth 
of  each  month. 

The  parties  to  this  contract  hereby  mutually  agree  that  the 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


59 


Chief  Engineer  of  the  party  of  the  second  part  shall  be  the  sole 
judge  and  arbiter  in  all  cases  of  disagreement,  difficulty  or  dispute 
as  to  the  quality  or  amount  of  work  performed  under  this  contract 
and  also  in  relation  to  all  other  matters  of  differences  that  may  arise 
between  the  parties  hereto  in  relation  to  or  touching  the  proper  per- 
formance of  any  or  all  the  conditions  thereof,  and  his  decisions 
given  in  writing  shall  be  in  the  nature  of  an  award,  and  the  same 
shall  be  conclusive  upon  and  between  the  parties  as  a final  judgment 
in  a court  having  jurisdiction  of  the  parties  and  subject. 

In  witness  whereof,  the  said and  the  said  Trustees  of 

the  Covington  Reservoir,  bv  their  President,  have  signed  this  agree- 
ment in  triplicate. 


60 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


EXHIBIT  “ B.” 

SPECIFICATIONS. 


FOR  THE 

CONSTRUCTION  OF  RESERVOIR  FOR  THE  CITY  OF 
COVINGTON,  KY. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  WORK  AND  EXTENT  OF  CONTRACT. 

The  work  shall  include  all  excavation,  filling,  puddling,  con- 
creting, paving,  masonry,  pipe  laying  and  ocher  works  necessary  to 
construct  and  maintain  for  a period  of  six  months  after  completion, 
in  good  working  order,  three  reservoir  basins,  as  now  located  or  to 
be  located  on  the  Moreland  place,  in  Campbell  county,  Ky.,  with 
dams,  culverts,  shafts,  ditches,  pipes,  valves  and  appendages  and 
other  structures,  as  shown  on  the  plans  or  described  in  the  specifi- 
cations, or  which  may  be  ordered  from  time  to  time  by  the  Chief 
Engineer  for  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 

‘ CLEARING. 

All  trees,  bushes,  stumps,  grass  and  rubbish,  as  well  as  other 
surface  obstructions,  and  all  muck  or  other  materials  deemed  ob- 
jectionable by  the  Engineer,  shall  be  removed  from  the  entire  sur- 
face covered  by  the  dams,  basins  and  fills  adjoining  thereto. 

DAMS  AND  FILLS. 

MATERIALS. 

The  dams  and  fills  on  the  sides  of  the  reservoir  basins,  shall  be 
formed  with  the  materials  excavated  from  said  basins  and  from  the 
ditches,  as  far  as  the  same  are  suitable  for  that  purpose,  excepting  a 
part  of  the  fill  at  the  easterly  end  of  the  northerly  basin  which  shall 
be  made  by  the  contractor  for  pipe  laying,  with  the  waste  excava- 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


61 


tion  from  the  tunnel  under  the  Highland  pike,  the  materials  exca- 
vated shall  be  selected  for  their  respective  positions.  The  best  and 
most  retentive  clay  for  the  puddle  walls,  the  finer  material  next  to 
the  puddle  walls  and  the  coarser  material  for  the  back  part  of  the 
dam  or  fills.  The  stone  suitable  for  concreting,  paving,  or  any  other 
class  of  masonry  shall  be  used  by  the  contractor  for  that  purpose. 

FORM  AND  DIMENSIONS. 

The  dams  shall  be  15  feet  wide  on  top  and  carried  to  the  same 
heighth  and  level  as  their  respective  basins  ; the  slopes  on  the  basins 
sides  of  all  dams  and  fills  shall  have  an  inclination  of  three  horizon- 
tal to  one  vertical,  the  back  slopes  of  dams  shall  be  inclined  1^  to 
1.  At  the  elevation  of  the  top  of  the  lower  basin,  the  intermediate 
dams  shall  have  a berm  or  horizontal  offset  30  feet  wide  or  such 
other  width  as  the  Engineer  may  determine,  extending  to  the  foot 
of  the  back  slope. 

All  dams  and  fills  shall  be  built  on  the  basin  sides  with  a pud- 
dle wall  5 feet  wide  on  top  and  sloping  3 to  1 in  front  and  1^  to  1 
in  the  rear. 


METHOD  OF  CONSTRUCTION. 

The  entire  width  between  foots  of  slopes  of  puddle  walls  shall 
be  excavated  to  the  solid  and  water  tight  strata,  the  remaining  width 
of  seats  of  embankments  shall  be  stepped  or  benched  as  directed  by 
the  Engineer. 

The  puddle  shall  be  of  carefully  selected  clay,  free  of  stones 
measuring  more  than  two  inches  in  any  direction,  chopped  up  with 
spades  and  ground  dry  if  necessary  in  the  opinion  of  the  Engineer, 
spread  in  horizontal  layers  of  not  more  than  six  inches  thick  and 
rolled  with  approved  grooved  rollers  weighing  not  less  than  two 
tons,  with  a sufficient  sprinkling  of  water  to  weld  thoroughly  to- 
gether all  parts  into  a solid,  homogeneous,  compact,  and  watertight 
mass.  Where  the  roller  cannot  reach,  the  puddle  shall  be  rammed 
by  hand.  When  a layer  of  puddle  has  been  lying  exposed  for  any 
length  of  time,  the  surface  shall  be  cleansed  and  reworked  before  a 
further  layer  is  added  to  it. 

The  remainder  of  the  embankment  shall  be  formed  in  horizon- 
tal layers  of  not  more  than  12  inches  thick,  rolled  with  two  ton  roll- 
ers and  sprinkled  with  water  as  above.  No  stone  shall  be  put  into 


62 


Final  Report  oj  the  Engineer 


the  embankment  measuring  more  than  six  inches,  and  there  must 
be  a sufficient  quantity  of  clay  with  the  stones  to  completely  fill  all 
void  spaces. 

The  puddle  walls  and  the  remainder  of  the  embankments  shall 
be  carried  up  simultaneously  and  kept  always  on  the  same  level. 

No  perishable  material  of  any  kind  or  frozen  earth  shall  be  al- 
lowed in  the  embankments. 

All  slopes  shall  be  carefully  trimmed  to  the  proper  shape  and 
inclination.  The  slopes  on  the  basins  sides  shall  be  reveted  as 
specified  for  the  basins.  The  top,  berm  and  back  slopes  shall  be 
finished  with  a layer  of  loam  six  inches  thick  and  sodded  or  sown 
with  grass  seed  at  the  proper  season,  the  kind  and  quantity  of  seed 
to  be  determined  by  the  Engineer. 

CULVERTS,  SHAFTS  AND  VALVE  HOUSES. 

Arch  culverts  to  contain  the  pipes  and  valves  shall  be  built  in 
the  dams  as  shown  in  the  plans.  They  shall  be  of  such  size  and 
length  and  shall  be  built  of  such  class  of  masonry  as  the  Engineer 
may  determine. 

A shaft  shall  be  built  at  the  lower  end  of  each  culvert  over  the 
valves,  and  shall  be  finished  one  foot  above  the  berm  level  with  a 
coping  course  of  stone  which  shall  serve  as  foundation  for  a valve 
house,  or  a platform  cover  of  timber  as  may  be  determined  by  the 
Engineer.  Each  shaft  shall  be  provided  with  a strong  iron  ladder 
well  secured  to  the  masonry  and  with  iron  supports  and  guides  for 
the  valve  spindles  well  secured  also  to  the  masonry.  The  culverts 
shall  be  drained  at  their  lower  end  through  the  waste  pipes  as  shown. 
The  masonry  of  the  culverts  and  shafts  above  foundation  shall  be 
entirely  wrapped  in  puddle  2 feet  thick. 

The  valve  houses  shall  be  of  brick  with  asphalt  roof,  doors  and 
windows  as  shown;  joists  and  flooring  2 inches  thick  of  yellow 
pine;  the  door  shall  be  of  two  thicknesses  of  one  inch  plank, tongue 
and  grooved ; it  shall  be  hung  with  strong  wrought  iron  hinges  and 
provided  with  strong  and  approved  lock. 

The  platform  covers  shall  be  built  of  2x12  inch  joists  strongly 
bridged,  and  2x6  inch  planks  spiked  thereunto.  Over  the  ladders 
they  shall  have  trap  doors  hung  with  strong  wrought  iron  hinges 
and  provided  with  strong  and  approved  locks. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


63 


BERM  DITCH  AND  WALK. 

The  berm  of  the  southerly  intermediate  dam  shall  have  a pav- 
ed ditch  of  the  required  size  and  shape  at  the  foot  of  the  back  slope 
of  the  dam  to  convey  the  drainage  water  from  the  grounds  between 
the  two  upper  basins  to  the  southerly  ditch. 

The  berm  of  the  northerly  intermediate  dam  shall  have  a walk 
in  place  of  a ditch  to  connect  the  inside  and  outside  walks  of  the 
lower  basin. 


OVERFLOW. 

An  overflow  3 feet  deep,  4 feet  wide  at  the  bottom  and  lined 
with  paving  on  a concrete  foundation  shall  be  built  as  located  for 
each  dam  by  the  Engineer,  with  a by  wash  also  paved  and  connect- 
ing with  the  ditch. 

RESERVOIR  BASINS,  AND  DITCHES. 

GRADING. 

The  aera  of  each  basin,  including  the  side  ditches  and  walks, 
shall  be  graded,  sloped  and  finished  as  shown  on  the  plans  and  laid 
out  by  the  Engineer. 

All  side  depressions  below  grade  shall  be  filled  level  with  the 
top  of  the  basin  for  their  entire  length,  with  a front  slope  wall  of 
puddle  built  as  specified. 

The  bottom  of  each  basin  shall  have  a uniform  grade  as  shown 
on  the  plans,  and  the  sides  slope  shall  have  a uniform  inclination 
all  around  of  3 to  1. 

SIDEWALKS. 

A berm  10  feet  wide  or  more,  shall  be  graded  level  with  the  top 
of  the  basins,  between  the  berm  and  the  side  ditches.  It  shall  be 
covered  with  a six  inch  layer  of  road  metal. 

SIDE  DITCHES. 

The  side  ditches  shall  be  excavated  to  such  grades  and  of  such 
widths  as  the  Engineer  may  direct ; they  shall  be  paved  where 
necessary  in  the  opinion  of  the  Engineer. 

The  side  ditches  of  the  upper  and  lower  basins  shall  connect 
with  paved  falls  or  shutes  as  located  by  the  Engineer. 


6*4 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


The  inside  drainage  shall  be  conveyed  to  the  outside  ditches  of 
the  lower  basin  through  a paved  ditch  on  the  berm  of  the  southerly 
intermediate  dam.  The  outside  slope  of  the  excavation  for  side 
ditches  shall  have  an  inclination  of  i to  i,  or  such  other  as  may  be 
found  more  suitable  to  the  character  of  the  material. 

BORROWED  MATERIAL. 

If  materials  suitable  for  the  dams  and  side  fills  are  not  found  in 
sufficient  quantity  in  the  regular  excavations  for  the  reservoir  basins 
and  ditches,  the  deficiency  shall  be  supplied  from  outside  of  the 
ditches,  but  the  excavations  for  the  same  must  be  carried  in  regular 
form  and  must  be  shaped,  sloped  and  finished  as  directed  by  the 
Engineer. 

WASTE  MATERIAL. 

Materials  excavated  not  suitable  for  embankments  and  masonry 
shall  be  deposited  in  regular  shape  on  the  Trustee’s  grounds  at  the 
foot  of  the  back  slope  of  the  lower  dam,  or  at  such  other  place  as 
the  engineer  may  select. 

REVETMENT. 

The  bottom  and  sides  of  each  basin  shall  be  reveted  with  con- 
crete or  paving,  or  both  as  each  case  may  require  in  the  opinion  of 
the  Engineer. 

The  bottom  and  sides  must  first  be  carefully  trimmed  to  the 
proper  shape  and  cleaned.  Where  the  excavation  has  been  carried 
down  below  the  proper  grade,  it  shall  be  filled  to  the  proper  grade 
by  the  contractor  at  his  own  expense  with  metaling  or  concrete  as 
the  case  may  require.  From  the  top  to  the  low  water  line  of  each 
basin  the  paving  or  concrete  shall  be  laid  on  a foundation  of  broken 
rock  mixed  with  a sufficient  quantity  of  gravel  and  sand  to  fill  all 
the  interstices  between  the  stones. 

The  concrete  shall  be  mixed  by  machinery  and  well  rammed 
in  place  in  layers  not  more  than  12  inches  thick.  It  shall  be  finish- 
ed with  a coating  of  rich  Portland  cement  mortar  of  sufficient  thick- 
ness to  cover  all  the  stones  and  make  a smooth  finish.  The  paving 
shall  be  such  as  described  under  the  head  of  paving  for  Reservoir 
Basins. 

The  fresh  concrete  shall  be  protected  by  suitable  covering  until 
it  has  sufficiently  hardened  to  stand  the  weather. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


65 


MASONRY  FOR  INLET  AND  OUTLET. 

Curbs  of  masonry  shall  be  built  around  the  inlet  pipes  in  the 
upper  basins  as  shown  in  the  plan.  This  masonry  shall  be  of  even 
range  or  broken  range  work  capped  with  a 12  inch  course  of  dimen- 
sion stones  well  clamped  together. 

Masonry  piers  for  the  inlets  in  lower  basin  and  for  the  outlets 
in  the  three  basins  as  well  as  rest  piers  for  the  floating  tubes,  shall 
be  built  as  shown  on  the  plans.  These  piers  shall  be  built  of  even 
range  or  broken  range  work  with  heartings  of  concrete  capped  with 
12-inch  courses  of  dimension  stone  well  clamped  together. 

The  bottom,  inside  the  inlet  curbs  and  for  a space  three  feet 
wide  all  around  them,  shall  be  paved  with  flag-stones  hammer 
dressed  and  laid  in  cement,  the  tail  walls  of  the  inlet  curb  in  the 
northerly  upper  basin  shall  have  vertical  grooves  on  their  inside 
faces  8 inches  deep  and  10  inches  wide,  the  grooves  and  the  inside 
faces  of  the  tail  walls  from  the  grooves  to  the  end  of  the  walls  shall 
be  dressed  with  the  bush  hammer 

Stone  steps  2 feet  long,  8 inches  high  and  2 feet  4 inches  wide, 
overlapping  4 inches,  shall  be  laid  from  the  top  of  each  dam  to  the 
level  of  the  top  of  outlet  piers  as  shown  on  plans,  these  stones  shall 
be  hammer  dressed  and  laid  in  cement  on  a foundation  of  concrete. 
The  joints  between  the  steps  and  revetment  shall  be  thoroughly  fill- 
ed and  pointed  with  rich  cement  mortar. 

FOOT  BRIDGES. 

A foot  bridge  to  be  supplied  by  the  Trustee’s  shall  be  erected 
and  placed  in  position  in  each  basin,  resting  at  one  end  on  the  out- 
let pier  and  at  the  other  end  on  the  first  stone  step  on  the  dam. 
These  foot  bridges  shall  be  anchored  at  both  ends  on  to  their  seats 
as  shown  on  the  drawings. 

WEIR. 

A timber  weir  shall  be  built  by  the  contractor  in  accordance 
with  plans  furnished,  and  instructions  from  the  Engineer  for  the 
purpose  of  measuring  the  water  delivered  into  the  reservoirs  by  the 
pumping  engine.  This  weir  shall  be  erected  as  a continuation  of 
the  tail  walls  of  the  inlet  in  the  northerly  reservoir,  and  shall  form 
a water  tight  connection  therewith. 

When  the  measurements  are  completed  the  contractor  shall  dis- 


66 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


connect  the  weir  and  deliver  it  on  the  reservoir  grounds  at  such 
point  as  the  engineer  may  direct. 

PIPES,  CASTINGS,  VALVES  AND  FLOATING  TUBES. 

PIPE  LAYING. 

All  the  pipes,  valves,  special  castings,  floating  tubes,  pedestals 
and  other  appendages,  required  in  and  out  of  reservoir  from  a point 
near  the  westerly  end  of  the  tunnel  under  the  Highland  pike  to  a 
point  near  the  foot  of  the  westerly  slope  of  the  lower  dam,  shall  be 
laid  and  erected  by  the  contractor. 

All  pipes  inside  of  the  reservoir  shall  be  laid  in  concrete  as 
shown  on  plans.  All  flanged  pipes  and  castings  shall  be  jointed 
with  sheet  lead  gasket  properly  lapped  and  of  the  full  diameter  and 
width  of  the  flanges. 

TESTING  OF  PIPES  LAID. 

All  pipes  laid  inside  of  the  basins  and  dams  shall  be  tested  to 
300  pounds  hydraulic  pressure  after  they  are  laid,  and  all  joints 
must  be  made  water  tight  under  that  pressure  before  they  are  cov- 
ered up.  The  contractor  shall  supply  the  water,  pumps,  gauges, 
plugs  and  all  other  appliances,  materials  and  tools,  as  well  as  all 
labor  necessary  for  these  tests,  without  extra  charge,  the  cost  of 
same  being  included  in  his  prices  for  pipe  laying. 

All  the  pipes  and  special  pipe  castings  shall  be  delivered  to  the 
contractors  on  the  reservoir  grounds.  All  valves,  sluice  gates, 
floating  tubes,  foot  bridges  and  their  appendages  shall  be  delivered 
by  the  Trustees  to  the  contractors  at  the  railroad  depot  in  Coving- 
ton or  Newport ; from  the  time  of  delivery  the  contractor  shall  be 
responsible  to  the  Trustees  for  all  breakages  or  injury  to  the  same. 
The  contractor  shall  furnish  all  labor,  tools  and  materials  necessary 
for  the  work,  excepting  the  materials  to  be  furnished  by  the  Trus- 
tees as  named  above. 

GRADE  AND  ALIGNMENT. 

The  grade  and  alignment  of  the  pipe  shall  conform  with  the 
grade  and  alignment  shown  on  the  profile  and  plan  furnished  to  the 
contractor  and  with  any  modification  or  change  thereof  that  may  be 
considered  necessary  or  advisable  by  the  Engineer  during  the  pro- 
gress of  the  work. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reset  vir. 


67 


CLEARING. 

All  trees,  stumps,  bushes  and  rubbish,  as  well  as  other  surface 
obstructions  within  six  feet  of  the  center  line  of  the  trench,  and  any 
additional  width  that  may  be  required  for  the  work,  shall  be  re- 
moved. 

TRENCHES. 

The  width  of  trenches  shall  be  sufficient  at  all  points  to  allow 
the  pipes  and  their  appendages  to  be  laid,  set  and  caulked  in  the 
best  and  the  most  thorough  and  workmanlike  manner. 

The  depth  of  the  trenches  shall  be  such  as  may  be  required  to 
conform  with  the  grade  given  by  the  Engineer  for  the  pipe,  there 
shall  be  at  least  three  feet  of  earth  covering  on  top  of  the  pipe. 

Wherever  the  bottom  of  the  trench  has  been  carried  down  be- 
low the  proper  grade,  it  shall  be  brought  up  to  grade  with  selected 
material  well  rammed  in. 

FOUNDATION. 

Where  the  bottom  of  the  trench  is  soft  and  liable  to  yield,  it 
shall  be  excavated  to  such  additional  depth  as  the  Engineer  may  re- 
quire and  a foundation  of  broken  rock  covered  with  a six-inch  layer 
of  selected  material  well  rammed  or  such  other  foundation  as  the 
Engineer  may  prescribe  shall  be  put  in. 

ROCKY  BOTTOM. 

Where  the  bottom  of  the  trench  is  rocky  it  shall  be  excavated 
six  inches  below  grade  and  brought  up  to  proper  grade  with  select- 
ed material  well  rammed  in. 

PRECAUTIONS. 

In  excavating  the  trench,  the  contractor  shall  carefully  remove 
all  loam,  pavement  and  road  metal  at  the  surface  and  separate  the 
same  from  the  other  material  excavated,  to  be  used  in  restoring  the 
grounds,  roads  and  streets  to  their  original  condition. 

All  blastings  near  houses  and  public  thoroughfares  shall  be 
done  with  the  most  diligent  care  and  precaution  to  prevent  injury 
to  persons  and  property.  All  trenches  shall  be  properly  shored  up. 
Trenches  through  public  and  private  roads  and  through  pasture 
lands  shall  be  properly  fenced  and  guarded.  The  contractors  shall 
place  and  maintain  in  public  highways  proper  painted  notices  of 
warning  by  day  and  red  lights  of  warning  by  night. 


68 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


REPAIR  OF  SEWERS,  PIPES,  FENCES,  ETC. 

The  contractor  shall  at  his  own  expense  divert,  repair  and  re- 
store to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Engineer,  all  sewers,  culverts,  drains, 
pipes,  ditches,  roads,  fences  and  other  works  and  properties  which 
he  may  disturb  or  injure  during  the  progress  of  his  work. 

TRAVEL  NOT  TO  BE  INTERRUPTED 

The  contractor  shall  so  conduct  and  manage  his  work  as  not  to 
interrupt  travel  in  streets  and  public  highways,  and  shall  provide 
safe  and  convenient  temporary  crossings  for  the  same  when  neces- 
sary. 

BACK  FILLING. 

After  the  pipe  is  laid  the  trench  shall  be  filled  with  selected 
material,  free  from  rock,  measuring  more  than  two  inches,  carefully 
rammed  on  the  side  and  top  of  the  pipe  to  a level  of  six  inches 
above  the  top  of  the  pipe.  The  remainder  of  the  fill  shall  be  made 
with  the  material  excavated,  excluding  all  stones  measuring  more 
than  six  inches  in  any  direction,  rammed  in  layers  of  six  inches  in 
depth  until  sufficient  room  is  left  to  receive  the  loam  or  the  road 
metal  or  pavement  which  must  be  carefully  replaced  with  such  ad- 
ditional quantity  as  may  be  required  for  the  restoration  of  the  origi- 
nal surface.  In  streets  and  roads,  the  contractor  shall  finish  the 
same  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  City  Engineer  or  Superintendent  of 
road  or  others  having  the  same  in  charge.  The  surface  shall 
generally  be  left  higher  than  originally,  making  such  allowance  for 
the  settling  of  the  fill  as  the  Engineer  may  direct.  Frozen  earth, 
roots,  grass,  and  other  perishable  materials  shall  be  carefully  exclud- 
ed from  the  fills.  Where  the  trench  is  so  shallow  as  to  leave  less  than 
3 feet  depth  of  covering  on  top  of  the  pipe,  sufficient  material  shall 
be  added  on  to  obtain  the  requisite  depth  of  three  feet.  Where  the 
bottom  of  the  pipe  is  above  ground,  a foundation  shall  be  built  for 
its  support  after  carefully  removing  for  the  entire  width  of  its  base^ 
all  grass,  vegetable  mold  and  other  materials  deemed  objectionable 
by  the  Engineer  and  a fill  shall  be  made  and  carried  to  a height  of 
not  less  than  3 feet  above  the  top  of  the  pipe,  making  always  pro- 
per allowance  for  shrinkage.  The  fill  shall  be  made  with  approved 
material,  using  the  same  care  and  method  as  prescribed  for  the  back 
filling  in  trenches. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


69 


All  fills  above  ground  shall  have  side  slopes  of  not  greater  in- 
clination than  1^2  to  i.  On  sloping  ground  the  fills  shall  be  pro- 
tected with  approved  surface  ditches,  and  drains  of  approved  size 
and  construction  shall  be  put  in  when  required. 

WASTE  MATERIAL. 

All  waste  material  from  the  trenches  shall  be  used  for  the  con- 
struction of  dams  and  fills  as  far  as  they  may  be  suitable  therefor. 

BORROWED  MATERIAL. 

When  the  material  excavated  is  insufficient  or  unfit  to  com- 
plete the  back  filling  or  fill,  the  contractor  shall  supply  approved 
earth  for  the  purpose  from  the  side  excavations  of  the  basins  as  pro- 
vided under  the  head  of  grading. 

CLEANING. 

Before  being  laid  the  pipes  shall  be  brushed  through  to  remove 
adhering  earth  and  all  foreign  matters  which  may  have  been  left 
therein. 

MANNER  OF  LAYING. 

They  shall  be  placed  singly  in  the  trench  and  bedded  so  as  to 
rest  firmly  and  uniformly  throughout  their  entire  length  on  the  solid 
earth. 

JOINTS. 

The  joints  shall  be  made  with  the  best  quality  of  tarred  hem- 
pen yarn,  closely  twisted  in  one  piece  for  each  joint,  well  caulked 
into  the  socket  with  a special  tool,  and  soft  lead  poured  in  at  one 
running  and  set  up  thoroughly  and  entirely  around  the  pipe.  The 
depth  of  lead  after  caulking  shall  not  be  less  than  2 inches.  The 
joints  must  be  well  and  faithfully  caulked  by  an  experienced  and 
competent  man  in  the  best  manner. 

PRECAUTIONS. 

Care  shall  be  taken  to  prevent  any  earth,  stone  or  other  ma- 
terial from  entering  the  pipes  as  they  are  being  laid,  and  every  open 
end  of  a pipe  laid  shall  be  plugged  before  leaving  the  work  for  any 
length  of  time. 

The  pipes  and  appendages  shall  be  handled  with  the  greatest 
care  and  with  proper  tools  so  as  to  avoid  injury  to  the  coating.  No 
injured  or  imperfect  pipe  shall  be  laid. 


70 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


No  vertical  and  horizontal  carve  or  bend  shall  be  laid  with 
straight  pipes  of  less  radius  than  478  feet,  without  special  provision 
and  permission  of  the  Engineer. 

CROSSING  OF  WATER  COURSES. 

At  the  crossing  of  water  courses,  arch  culverts  and  pipe  drains 
shall  be  built  in  accordance  with  plans  furnished  by  the  Engineer, 
and  the  pipe  laid  thereon  and  covered  to  such  a depth  as  may  be 
required. 

Where  the  pipe  crosses  under  the  bed  of  the  stream  it  shall  be 
laid  in  concrete  and  protected  with  paving  and  slope  walls,  when 
required  by  the  Engineer. 

Where  the  pipe  crosses  existing  culverts  and  drains  so  as  to  re- 
quire the  reconstruction  of  any  part  thereof,  the  same  shall  be  done 
in  accordance  with  plans  furnished  or  approved  by  the  Engineer. 

VALVE  CURBS. 

Valve  curbs,  where  required,  shall  be  of  stone  or  brick  laid  in 
cement  with  approved  cast  iron  neck  and  cover.  They  shall  be 
built  on  a foundation  of  stone  or  brick  laid  in  cement  and  shall  be 
drained  with  a stone-ware  pipe  of  suitable  size. 

MASONRY. 

STONE. 

The  stone  shall  be  generally  blue  lime  stone  of  best  quality 
found  in  the  hills  surrounding  Newport  and  Covington,  or  other 
stone  of  good  quality  approved  by  the  Engineer.  It  shall  be  of  the 
size  prescribed  for  each  class  of  work,  free  from  clay  and  dry  seams, 
and  sound  in  every  particular. 

BRICK. 

The  brick  shall  all  be  hard  burnt  paving  brick,  well  tempered, 
of  good  form,  free  of  lime  and  cracks  *and  capable  of  standing  a 
pressure  of  four  thousand  pounds  per  square  inch  without  crushing. 
They  shall  be  soaked  in  water  immediately  before  using. 

CEMENT. 

The  cement  shall  be  equal  to  the  best  quality  of  Louisville  hy- 
draulic cement  and  shall  stand,  without  breaking,  a tensile  stress  of 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


71 


one  hundred  pounds  per  square  inch  in  briquettes  seven  days  old ; 
it  shall  not  swell  or  crack  in  the  process  of  hardening.  The  Port 
land  cement  shall  stand,  without  breaking,  a tensile  strain  of  300 
pounds  per  square  inch  in  briquettes  seven  days  old.  All  cement 
shall  be  properly  cooled  and  air  slacked  before  used. 

SAND. 

The  sand  shall  be  clean,  sharp  river  sand. 

MORTAR. 

The  cement  mortar  shall  generally  be  composed  of  one  mea- 
sure of  cement  and  two  measures  of  sand,  well  mixed  with  clear 
water  in  clean  mortar  beds  and  used  immediately  after  mixing. 

Different  proportions  of  sand  and  cement  shall  be  used,  if  re- 
quired by  the  Engineer. 

BRICK  ARCHING. 

Brick  arching  shall  consist  of  the  required  number  of  rings  of 
brick  laid  flush  in  cement  mortar,  each  line  of  brick  breaking  joints 
with  the  adjoining  lines  in  the  same  ring  and  in  the  ring  below  it. 
No  headers  shall  be  used  in  the  arch.  No  bats  shall  be  allowed  in 
the  work  except  for  closures. 

The  thickness  of  joints  shall  not  exceed  one  half  inch  between 
bricks  in  the  same  ring  nor  five-eight  inch  between  rings.  The 
arch  shall  be  covered  over  with  a coating  of  cement  mortar  not  less 
than  three-quarters  inches  thick. 

BRICK  WALLS. 

The  same  specifications  shall  apply  to  brick  walls  as  for  brick 
arching,  excepting  that  the  brick  shall  be  laid  in  wall  with  the  ordi- 
nary bond,  every  seventh  course  being  of  headers. 

BRICK  PAVING. 

The  bottom  or  floor  shall  be  first  carefully  trimmed  to  the  proper 
form  and  covered  with  a thick  bed  of  cement  mortar,  the  brick 
shall  be  floated  thereon  and  laid  close  with  full  joints  to  the  required 
template.  The  brick  shall  be  laid  on  edge  and  shall  break  joints  as 
for  biick  arching. 

The  paving  shall  also  be  grouted  after  being  laid  if  the  same  be 
considered  necessary  by  the  Engineer. 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


72 


STONE  ARCH  MASONRY. 

The  arch  proper  shall  be  built  of  selected  stone  of  uniform 
thickness  in  each  course,  laid  flush,  in  cement  mortar,  each  stone 
extending  through  the  entire  thickness  of  arch.  The  stones  shall 
not  be  less  than  six  inches  thick ; they  shall  be  hammer  dressed  on 
the  intrados,  bed  and  joints  ; the  joints  shall  be  square  with  the  face 
and  not  less  than  nine  inches  deep ; each  course  shall  break  joints 
not  less  than  eight  inches  with  the  courses  adjoining ; the  thickness 
of  joints  shall  not  exceed  three-quarter  inches. 

The  arches  shall  be  backed  from  the  haunches  with  rubble 
work,  laid  flush,  in  cement  mortar.  The  ring  stones  at  the  ends 
shall  be  rock  faced. 

The  abutment  walls,  wing  walls,  parapet  and  sunk  walls  shall 
be  built  of  even  or  broken  range  work,  such  as  described  under  that 
head ; the  parapets  and  wings  shall  be  capped  with  selected  stones, 
projecting  four  inches  beyond  face  of  walls,  not  less  than  six  inches 
thick  and  eighteen  inches  long,  and  extending  through  the  entire 
width  of  the  coping  course  with  parallel  joints.  The  joints  and 
beds  of  the  coping  course  shall  be  hammer  dressed. 

EVEN  AND  BROKEN  RANGE  WORK. 

Even  and  broken  range  masonry  shall  be  built  of  stones  not 
less  than  6 inches  thick,  well  bonded  and  laid  flush  in  cement  mor- 
tar. No  stone  shall  measure  less  than  i y2  square  foot  on  the  bed 
and  yz  at  least  must  be  headers  extending  through  the  entire  thick- 
ness of  wall  when  the  same  does  not  exceed  18  inches.  All  stones 
must  be  square-faced  and  break  joints  not  less  than  8 inches  with 
those  adjoining.  The  face-joints  shall  not  be  less  than  6 inches 
deep — joints  and  beds  shall  not  exceed  Y inches  in  thickness.  No 
spalls  shall  be  allowed  in  the  beds  and  face  joints. 

The  masonry  shall  be  capped  with  selected  stones  of  the  entire 
width  of  coping  course,  of  uniform  thickness,  not  less  than  6 inches. 
They  shall  have  hammer  dressed  beds  and  joints. 

STONE  PAVING. 

Stone  paving  shall  be  built  with  selected  stones  from  8 to  12 
inches  deep  and  not  less  than  4 inches  thick  roughly  squared  at  the 
ends  and  laid  on  edge  dry  or  flush  in  good  cement  mortar,  as  the 
Engineer  may  direct. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the'  Covington  Reservoir. 


73 


CONCRETE. 

Concrete  shall  be  composed  by  actual  measurement  of  four 
measures  of  broken  stone  of  uniform  size,  measuring  not  more  than 
two  inches  in  any  direction,  free  from  clay  and  well  screened,  two 
measures  of  sand  and  one  measure  of  cement,  all  well  mixed  on  a 
plank  bed  and  well  rammed  in  place  in  layers  as  directed  by  the 
Engineer. 

DRAIN  PIPE. 

None  but  double  strength,  vitrified  stone  pipe  of  the  best  qual- 
ity and  manufacture  shall  be  used.  The  pipes  shall  be  laid  on  a 
solid  foundation  carefully  shaped  to  fit  the  pipe  and  covered  with  a 
good  bed  of  cement  mortar.  The  joints  shall  be  completely  filled 
with  cement  mortar.  The  ends  of  the  pipe  must  be  carefully  set  in 
a wall  of  brick  or  stone  of  approved  shape  and  size  and  protected 
with  a covering  of  earth  not  less  than  2 feet  thick. 

PAVING  FOR  REVETMENT  OF  RESERVOIR  BASINS. 

The  stones  shall  be  of  uniform  thickness  in  each  course,  not 
less  than  6 inches,  12  inches  deep  and  not  less  than  12  inches  long  ; 
they  shall  be  square  faced  with  good  beds  and  joints,  the  joints  ex- 
tending not  less  than  8 inches  from  the  face ; they  shall  be  laid 
square  with  the  face  of  revetment  and  shall  break  joints  not  less 
than  6 inches.  For  dry  paving  they  shall  be  laid  and  rammed  firm- 
ly on  a good  bed  of  coarse  sand  spread  uniformly  on  top  of  the 
metal  foundation,  and  all  joints  shall  be  thoroughly  filled  with  coarse 
sand,  gravel  and  chippings.  For  paving  in  cement  they  shall  be 
laid  flush  in  cement  mortar,  on  a good  bed  of  mortar  spread  uni- 
formly on  top  of  the  metal  or  natural  foundation.  All  joints  and 
beds  shall  be  thoroughly  filled  and  pointed  with  rich  cement  mor- 
tar ; no  spalls  shall  be  allowed  in  the  beds  and  joints.  The  thick- 
ness of  joints  shall  not  exceed  ^ inches. 

FLAGGING. 

The  flag-stones  for  pavement  inside  and  around  the  curbs  and 
piers  shall  be  of  compact  limestone,  free  of  seams,  and  of  quality 
approved  by  the  Engineer.  They  shall  measure  not  less  than  8 
square  feet  on  the  face,  and  not  less  than  one  foot  in  thickness. 
They  shall  have  hammer  dressed  joints  and  face,  and  the  joints 


74 


Final  Report  oj  the  Engineer 


shall  extend  through  the  full  thickness  of  the  stones.  They  shall  be 
laid  flat  on  their  natural  quarry  bed,  in  good  cement  mortar.  All 
joints  shall  be  well  filled  and  pointed  with  rich  cement  mortar. 

COPINGS. 

The  coping  stones  for  the  curbs  and  the  piers  shall  be  in  all  re- 
spects similar  to  the  flag-stones  for  pavement.  They  shall  be  thor- 
oughly bound  together  with  approved  iron  clamps  set  in  lead. 

GENERAL. 

All  showing  joints  of  all  classes  of  masonry  shall  be  neatly 
pointed  with  rich  Portland  cement  mortar. 

No  masonry  shall  be  laid  in  freezing  weather  without  permis- 
sion from  the  Engineer. 

The  foundations  for  all  masonry  shall  be  carried  to  such  depths 
as  the  Engineer  may  direct ; they  shall  be  properly  prepared  with  a 
bed  of  concrete  or  a timber  platform  if  required.  The  timber  shall 
be  white  oak  free  of  sap  and  of  all  defects  affecting  its  strength  or 
durability. 

PRICES  AND  MEASUREMENTS. 

Bidders  must  put  in  a price  for  every  item  of  work  named  in 
the  form  of  proposals  furnished  to  them. 

All  grading  shall  be  measured  in  the  embankments  and  paid 
for  as  “embankment,”  “puddle”  and  “waste.”  There  shall  be 
no  classification  of  materials  excavated ; the  price  to  be  paid  shall , 
include  clearing,  trimming,  hauling,  and  all  other  items  of  expense 
connected  with  grading. 

All  classes  of  masonry,  excepting  drain  pipes,  shall  be  paid  for 
by  the  cubic  yard ; measuring  the  actual  quantity  of  each  class  of 
work  in  each  structure;  in  arch  culverts,  only  the  masonry  of  arch 
proper  above  the  spring  line  with  the  backing  at  the  haunches  shall 
be  paid  as  arch  masonry. 

The  prices  to  be  paid  shall  include  all  items  of  expense  neces- 
sary or  incidental  to  the  work. 

The  measurement  of  pipes  for  payment  shall  be  the  actual 
lineal  measurement  along  the  center  line  of  pipes  after  they  are  laid 
and  without  any  extra  allowance  for  laps.  The  prices  to  be  paid 
shall  be  for  the  pipes  laid  and  covered  including  all  curved  and 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


75 


other  special  pipe  castings,  other  than  valves,  with  all  the  works  in- 
cidental thereto,  complete,  excepting  masonry. 

The  prices  to  be  paid  for  erecting  and  setting  stop  and  waste 
valves,  sluice  gates,  floating  tubes  and  foot  bridges  shall  include 
their  cartage  from  the  railroad  depot  in  Covington  or  Newport  and 
the  carting  and  setting  of  their  foundation,  curbs,  covers,  pedestals, 
supports,  anchorage  and  other  fittings  with  all  the  works  incidental 
thereto,  complete,  excepting  masonry. 

The  prices  to  be  paid  for  each  valve-house  shall  be  for  the 
house  complete,  with  floor,  roof,  doors,  windows  and  all  other 
works  incidental  thereto. 

The  prices  to  be  paid  for  timber  and  wrought  iron  shall  be  for 
the  actual  quantities  of  these  materials  furnished  by  the  contractors 
and  left  by  him  in  the  completed  structures,  and  shall  include  all 
items  of  expense  incidental  to  the  placing  of  said  materials  in  said 
completed  structures. 

The  said  prices  shall  also  cover  and  include  all  the  costs  of  ex- 
cavations, trenching,  blasting,  hauling,  bailing,  pumping,  shoring, 
centering,  filling,  and  back  filling,  soiling,  sodding,  fencing,  light- 
ing, notices,  guards,  watchmen,  repairs  and  restorations  and  all  the 
materials,  tools  and  labor  necessary  for  or  incidental  to  the  con- 
struction and  maintenance  of  the  work  until  it  is  completed  and  ac- 
cepted under  the  provisions  of  this  contract  and  these  specifications. 

GENERAL  CONDITIONS. 

The  grading,  masonry,  pipe-laying  and  other  works  shall  be 
proceeded  with  at  such  time  as  the  Engineer  shall  direct. 

OBSERVANCE  OF  LAWS  AND  REGULATIONS. 

In  all  operations  connected  with  the  work,  all  laws,  ordinances 
and  regulations  controling  or  limiting  in  any  way  the  action  of  those 
engaged  on  the  work  shall  be  respected  and  observed. 

SUB  LETTING  AND  TRANSFERS. 

The  contractor  shall  not  sub  let,  assign  or  transfer  this  contract 
or  any  part  thereof  to  any  person  or  persons  without  the  consent  of 
the  Trustees. 

COMPETENT  WORKMEN. 

He  shall  give  his  personal  supervision  to  the  work  and  shall 
employ  competent  workmen  and  experienced  mechanics,  skilled  in 


76 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


the  several  works  assigned  to  them.  He  shall  immediately  dis- 
charge on  request  of  the  Engineer  any  of  his  employes  considered 
by  said  Engineer  as  incompetent  or  disorderly,  and  shall  not  again 
employ  him  upon  the  works. 

ORDERS  CONCERNING  THE  WORK. 

In  the  absence  of  the  contractor  from  any  part  of  the  work,  the 
engineer  shall  give  his  orders  respecting  that  work  to  whomsoever 
may  be  in  charge  of  or  executing  said  work,  and  said  orders  shall  be 
respected  and  obeyed. 

CHANGES. 

The  Trustees  shall  have  the  right  to  make  without  vitiating  this 
contract  any  changes  in  location,  grade,  alignment,  form,  dimen- 
sions and  numbers  at  the  several  structures,  and  to  increase  or  di- 
minish the  quantities  of  the  work  to  be  done  as  the  interests  of  the 
city  of  Covington  may  in  their  judgment  require,  if  the  character  of 
the  work  is  also  changed  thereby  and  rendered  more  costly,  the 
Engineer  shall  estimate  and  determine  the  amount  which  should 
fairly  and  equitably  be  allowed  to  the  contractor,  and  the  same  shall 
be  accepted  by  the  contractor  without  any  claims  for  anticipated 
profits  on  the  work  that  may  be  dispensed  with. 

EXTRA  WORK. 

The  value  of  any  extra  work  shall  be  likewise  estimated  and 
determined  by  the  Engineer. 

No  claim  for  extra  work  shall  be  made  or  allowed  unless  the 
work  shall  have  been  done  in  compliance  with  a written  order  from 
the  Trustees  or  the  Engineer.  All  claims  for  extra  work  shall  be 
made  in  writing  before  the  payment  of  the  succeeding  estimate  after 
the  work  is  performed,  failing  to  make  such  claim  the  same  shall  be 
considered  as  abandoned  by  the  contractor. 

REJECTED  MATERIAL. 

The  contractor  shall  promptly  remove  all  rejected  material  to 
such  distance  as  may  in  the  judgment  of  the  Engineer  be  sufficient 
to  prevent  its  being  used  in  the  work. 

DEFECTIVE  WORK. 

All  defective  work  shall  be  promptly  taken  down  by  the  con- 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


77 


tractor  on  orders  from  the  Engineer  to  that  effect,  and  rebuilt  pro- 
perly at  his  own  expense. 

RATE  OF  PROGRESS. 

The  rate  of  progress  of  the  work  at  all  times  must  be  such  as  to 
insure  its  completion  within  the  limit  of  time  specified.  Should  the 
same  appear  insufficient  in  the  opinion  of  the  Engineer,  he  shall 
have  the  right  to  order  such  increase  in  the  working  forces  as  he 
may  think  necessary. 

SUSPENSION  OF  WORK. 

The  contractor  shall  without  any  claim  for  damages  or  extra 
compensation  suspend  the  work  when  he  shall  be  ordered  to  do  so 
by  the  Engineer  by  reason  of  inclement  weather  or  for  other  causes. 

EXTENSION  OF  CONTRACT.  TIME 

But  if  his  work  be  delayed  by  reason  of  non-delivery  of  pipes, 
valves  or  other  appliances  to  be  furnished  by  the  Trustees,  failure 
to  procure  the  right  of  way,  or  other  acts  of  the  Trustees,  he  shall  be 
entitled  to  a reasonable  extension  of  time  for  the  completion  of  his 
work  and  the  Engineer  shall  estimate  and  determine  the  length  of 
such  extension,  but  the  contractor  shall  have  no  claim  for  damages 
on  account  of  such  delays. 

LIABILITIES  AND  RISKS. 

The  contractor  assumes  all  risks  arising  from  the  weather,  ac- 
cidents and  casualties  of  all  kinds.  He  shall  pay  all  damages  to 
persons  and  properties  and  repair  at  his  own  cost  all  damages  that 
may  occur  to  the  work  until  it  is  completed  entirely  and  accepted 
by  the  Engineer.  He  shall  further  maintain  at  his  own  cost  in  a 
good,  perfect  and  water  tight  condition,  all  parts  of  the  work  for  a 
period  of  six  months  after  its  acceptance  by  the  Engineer. 

SPECIFICATIONS  DEFINED. 

The  meaning  and  intent  of  these  specifications  shall  be  defined 
by  the  Engineer  and  his  decision  thereon  shall  be  final  and  binding 
upon  the  parties  thereto. 

CONVICT  LABOR. 

No  convict  labor  shall  be  employed  on  the  work. 


78 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


ENGINEER  DEFINED. 

Wherever  the  word  Engineer  is  mentioned  in  this  contract  it 
shall  be  taken  to  mean  the  chief  Engineer  for  the  Trustees. 


FORM  OF  PROPOSAL 

FOR  THE 

CONSTRUCTION  OF  RESERVOIRS.  — ist  CONTRACT. 


The  undersigned  hereby  certif  that  ha  personally  and 
carefully  examined  the  grounds  and  site  of  the  proposed  reservoir 
for  the  city  of  Covington,  Ky.,  on  the  Moreland  place,  in  Campbell 
county,  Ky. : also,  that  ha  carefully  examined  the  plans  and 
profile  for  the  same,  and  carefully  read  the  annexed  specifications 
and  form  of  contract. 

Having  made  such  examination,  the  undersigned  hereby  pro- 
pose to  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir  to  construct  and 
complete  said  reservoir,  to  do  all  the  works  specified  according  to 
the  conditions  and  specifications  aforesaid  and  on  the  acceptance 
of  this  proposal  hereby  binds  to  enter  into  and  execute  the 

contract  for  the  work  at  the  following  prices. 

These  prices  are  to  be  in  full  compensation  for  performing  the 
said  work  and  for  guaranteeing  their  permanency  and  durability  as 
provided  in  the  contract  and  specifications. 


PRICES. 


Embankment  (excepting  puddle)  per  cubic  yard 

Puddle,  per  cubic  yard 

Waste  excavations,  per  cubic  yard 

Stone  arch  culvert  masonry,  per  cubic  yard 

Broken  Range  Masonry,  per  cubic  yard 

Brick  arch  culvert  masonry,  per  cubic  yard 

Brick  masonry,  per  cubic  yard _ 

Brick  paving,  per  cubic  yard 

Stone  paving  in  cement,  per  cubic  yard 


Dollars. 


Cts. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


79 


Dollars.  ' Cts. 


Stone  paving,  dry,  per  cubic  yard 

Concrete,  per  cubic  yard 

f Stone  paving  in  cement,  per  cubic  yd. 

I Stone  paving,  dry,  per  cubic  yard | 

-j  Flagging  in  cement,  per  cubic  yard  __ 

I Metal  in  foimdations,  per  cubic  yard__ 

[concrete,  per  cubic  yard 

Copings  of  piers  and  curbs  basins,  per  cubic  yard 

1 2 inches  diameter,  per  lineal  foot 

6 inches  diameter,  per  lineal  foot 

4 inches  diameter,  per  lineal  foot 

30  inches  diameter,  per  lineal  foot 

18  inches  diameter,  per  lineal  foot ! 

8 inches  diameter,  per  lineal  foot 

6 inches  diameter,  per  lineal  foot 

^ 4 inches  diameter,  per  lineal  foot j 

' 30  inches  diameter,  each I 

18  inches  diameter,  each | 

8 inches  diameter,  each__s. 

6 inches  diameter,  each ! 

^ 4 inches  diameter,  each J 

Setting  flushing  hydrants,  each 

Erecting  floating  tubes  and  supports , each  set__ 

Erect  foot  bridges , each 

Erecting  and  setting  sluice  gates , each 

Valve  houses , each 

Timber  in  platform  covers  and  weir per 

1,000  feet  B.  M 

Wrought  iron  in  weir,  clamps,  spindles,  ladders,! 
bolts,  &c., , per  pound I 


Revetment 

of 

Basins. 


Drain  Pipes 

Pipe  laying 
Complete. 


Setting  stop 
Valves 
Complete, 
each. 


Signature. 


Address 


Dated 


80 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


FORM  OF  PROPOSAL 


FOR  1 HE 

COMPLETION  OF  RESERVOIR.— 2nd  CONTRACT. 


The  undersigned  hereby  certif  that  personally  and  care- 
fully examined  the  grounds,  site  and  unfinished  work  of  the  pro- 
posed Reservoirs  for  the  City  of  Covington,  Ky.,  in  Campbell 
County,  Kentucky,  as  also  the  materials  delivered  for  the  same,  the 
plans  and  profiles  for  the  same,  and  carefully  read  the  annex  speci- 
fications and  form  of  contract.  Having  made  such  examination, 
the  undersigned  hereby  propose  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington 
Reservoirs  to  construct  and  complete  said  Reservoirs,  and  to  do  all 
the  works  specified  according  to  the  conditions  and  specifications 
aforsaid,  using  the  materials  delivered  as  far  as  they  are  suitable  for 
the  same;  and  on  the  acceptance  of  this  proposal  hereby  bind 
to  enter  into  and  execute  the  contract  for  the  work  at  the  following 
prices.  These  prices  are  to  be  in  full  compensation  for  performing 
the  said  work  and  for  guaranteeing  their  permanency  and  dura- 
bility as  provided  in  the  contract  and  specifications. 


Embankment  excepting  puddle,  per  cubic  yard 

Puddle,  per  cubic  yard 

Waste  excavation,  per  cubic  yard 

Broken  or  even  range  masonry,  per  cubic  yard 

Brick  masonry,  per  cubic  yard 

Brick  paving,  per  cubic  yard 

Stone  paving  in  cement,  per  cubic  yard 

Stone  paving  dry,  per  cubic  yard t 

Concrete,  per  cubic  yard 

f Stone  paving  in  cement,  per  cubic  yard 

Revetment  I Flagging  in  cement,  per  .cubic  yard 

of  Basins  i Metal  in  foundations, per  cubic  yard-. 

^Concrete,  per  cubic  yard 

Pipelaying — 6 inches  diameter — per  lineal  foot 


Dollars. 


Cts. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


81 


Dollars. 


Setting  hydrants,  including  4 inch  pipe,  branch  and 

valves — each 

Setting  6-inch  valves — each. 

Erecting  and  setting  floating  tubes  and  supports — each 

set 

Erecting  and  setting  sluice  gates  and  appendages^ 

each 

Valve  houses,  upper  dams,  each 

Valve  house,  lower  dam 

Timber  in  platform  covers  and  weir  per  1,000  feet — 
B.  M 


Cts. 


Wrought  iron  in  weir,  clamps,  guards,  ladders,  bolts 


&c.,  per  lb 


basin 


Sodding  slopes  per  square  (10ft.  square) 

Pointing  unfinished  paving  revetment  north 

per  square  (10ft.  square) 

Plastering  unfinished  concrete  north  basin  per  square 

(10ft.  square) 

Additional  concrete  in  depressions  below  grade  in 

lower  basin — per  cubic  yard 

Prices  allowed  to  the  Trustees  for  material  delivered 
on  the  ground 


Sand  stone  for  broken 
or  even  range  masonry 


Dressed,  per  cubic  yard.__. 
Undressed,  per  cubic  yard. 


Limestone 


Undressed 


Sand  stone  for  paving  ( Dressed,  per  cubic  yard 

Revetment  of  basins  ( Undressed,  per  cubic  yard- 

'For  broken  or  even  range  masonry, 

per  cubic  yard 

For  paving  revetment  of  basins,  per 

cubic  yard 

For  paving,  outsides  of  basins,  per 

cubic  yard 

For  concrete  and  metal,  per  cubic  yard! 

For  sand,  per  cubic  yard 

^ , , f Pordand 

lor  cement,  per  barrel  j 


1 


Louisville 


82 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


EXHIBIT  “ C.” 

COVINGTON  NEW  WATER  WORKS. 


SPECIFICATIONS  FOR  CAST  IRON  PIPES. 


QUALITY  AND  STRENGTH  OF  METAL. 

The  iron  shall  be  of  pig  metal,  it  shall  be  tough,  close-grained, 
of  homogeneous  texture  and  uniform  in  quality,  it  shall  stand  with- 
out breaking  a tensile  stress  of  20,000  lbs.  per  square  inch. 

METHOD  OF  CASTING. 

The  pipes  shall  be  cast  vertically  and  without  the  use  of  core 
nails,  they  shall  be  cooled  gradually  to  avoid  chilling  in  any  part. 

PERFECT  PIPES. 

The  pipes  shall  be  straight,  square  at  the  ends  and  at  the  inner 
edge  of  socket,  truly  cylindrical  and  of  the  exact  internal  diameter 
specified,  their  sections  shall  be  truly  concentric  and  their  thickness 
uniform  throughout  their  length  between  socket  and  spigot.  They 
shall  have  a smooth  surface  inside  and  out,  free  from  air  bubbles, 
scoria  and  core  nails,  all  spigot  ends  shall  fit  well  into  sockets  to  the 
bottom. 

The  sockets  and  spigots  shall  conform  in  shape  and  size  to 
the  adopted  standard  which  shall  be  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
Engineer  for  the  Trustees. 

SPECIAL  CASTINGS. 

Curved  pipes  and  other  special  castings  shall  be  made  in  con- 
formity with  drawings  furnished  and  approved  by  the  engineer,  they 
shall  joint  properly  with  straight  pipes  of  the  same  diameter  and 
with  other  castings  with  which -they  may  be  intended  to  connect. 

PROTECTION. 

All  pipes  and  special  castings  shall  be  coated  inside  and  out 
with  Dr.  Augus  Smith’s  preparation  of  soft  pitch,  linseed  oil  and 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


88 


rosin  at  a temperature  of  about  300°  Fahrenheit.  Before  dipping, 
the  pipes. must  be  free  of  rust  and  shall  be  carefully  cleansed  with 
hard  brushes  to  remove  adhering  clay  and  sand.  They  shall  remain 
in  the  bath  not  less  than  30  minutes,  the  dipping  pan  shall  be  emp- 
tied and  the  mixture  renewed  after  every  day  of  continuous  use. 

TEST. 

Every  pipe  shall  be  tested  at  the  expense  of  the  contractor  un- 
der a hydraulic  pressure  of  250  lbs.  per  square  inch  for  the  pipes 
one  inch  thick,  300  lbs.  per  square  inch  for  the  pipes  one  and  one- 
eighth  inches  thick,  and  350  lbs.  per  square  inch  for  the  pipes  one 
and  one-quarter  inches  thick,  and  struck  sharply  with  a hammer 
while  being  tested,  to  detect  hidden  flaws  and  cracks. 

The  weight  and  thickness  of  every  length  of  pipe  and  casting 
must  be  marked  thereon  in  plain  legible  letters  and  figures,  in  white 
paint. 

DISCREPENCIES  IN  WEIGHTS. 

Pipes  weighing  less  than  two  per  cent,  of  the  calculated  weight 
from  the  thickness  specified,  shall  be  rejected,  any  excess  of  weight 
over  two  per  cent,  of  the  calculated  weight  shall  not  be  paid  for. 

INSPECTION. 

An  expert  inspector  appointed  by  the  Trustees  shall  inspect  and 
supervise  the  work  and  material  and  see  that  all  the  stipulations  o 
these  specifications  are  faithfully  carried  out,  he  shall  have  free  ac- 
cess to  the  foundry  and  all  tests  and  weighing  shall  be  made  under 
his  personal  supervision.  The  contractor  shall  furnish  him  with 
necessary  facilities  and  all  tools,  specimens,  appliances  and  labor 
required  for  his  work,  without  extra  charge. 

REJECTED  PIPES. 

Pipes  and  special  castings  found  defective  after  acceptance  by 
the  inspector  and  after  delivery,  shall  be  rejected  and  the  contrac- 
tor shall  replace  them  with  good  pipes  and  castings  acceptable  to  the 
engineer,  free  of  cost  to  the  Trustees.  t 

QUANTITIES  AND  THICKNESS  OF  PIPES  REQUIRED. 

The  quantities  of  pipes  to  be  furnished  under  this  contract  are 
estimated  to  be  approximately  : 

35,000  lineal  feet  of  30  inch  internal  diam.  varying  from  one 


84 


Final  Report  oj  the  Engineer 


inch  to  one  and  one-quarter  inches  in  thickness  and  2,000  lineal  feet 
of  18  inches  internal  diam.  one  inch  thick.  These  quantities  in- 
clude special  castings.  The  exact  quantity  of  each  kind  shall  be 
determined  hereafter  when  the  location  of  the  pipe  line  shall  have 
been  finally  decided  upon,  but  the  aggregate  is  not  expected  to  vary 
from  the  foregoing  approximate  figures  more  than  20  per  cent. 

RATE  OF  DELIVERY. 

The  pipes  shall  be  delivered  at  the  rate  of  of  the  entire 
quantity  required  for  each  of  the  months  of  June,  July,  August, 
September  and  October,  1887,  each  delivery  shall  consist  of  pipes 
of  such  size  and  thickness  as  the  Engineer  shall  direct  and  all  special 
castings  shall  be  made  and  delivered  within  thirty  days  of  the  orders 
therefor,  the  remainder  of  the  pipes  and  castings  shall  be  delivered 
within  ninety  days  of  the  receipt  of  the  order  therefor. 

FAILURE  TO  DELIVER. 

The  progress  of  the  pipe  laying  and  other  work  of  the  trustees 
must  not  be  delayed  by  the  failure  of  the  contractor  to  deliver  the 
pipes  and  castings  in  accordance  with  the  conditions  herein  specified, 
and  in  case  that  the  contractor  should  fail  to  comply  with  these  con- 
ditions or  any  other  stipulation  of  his  contract,  it  shall  be  in  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  Trustees  to  order  and  purchase  their  pipes  and  cast- 
ings elsewhere  and  to  deduct  any  extra  charges  thereby  incurred 
from  any  money  which  may  then  be  or  afterwards  become  due  to  the 
said  contractors. 

TERMS  OF  PAYMENT. 

The  contractor  shall  be  paid  on  or  about  the  15th  of  every 
month  90  per  cent,  of  the  monthly  estimate  returned  by  the  Engineer 
for  pipes  delivered  during  the  preceding  month  and  the  balance  at 
the  termination  of  the  contract,  on  presentation  of  the  final  certifi- 
cate of  the  Engineer. 

PROPOSALS. 

Proposals  shall  be  ueceived  for  the  pipes  delivered  on  board  cars 
in  Covington  and  Newport,  and  also  for  the  pipes  delivered  and  dis- 
tributed on  the  located  line  for  the  pipe,  each  length  to  be  deposited 
within  30  feet  of  the  position  it  is  to  occupy  in  the  trench.  For  de- 
livery on  board  cars  the  Trustees  reserve  the  right  to  determine  the 
quantities  that  shall  be  delivered  in  Newport  and  Covington,  re- 


To 'the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


85 


spectively.  Information  as  to  the  probable  location  of  the  pipe  line 
can  be  had  at  the  Engineer’s  office — contractors  bidding  for  the  de- 
livery of  the  pipe  on  the  line,  are  requested  to  go  over  the  ground 
and  acquaint  themselves  with  the  difficulties  of  delivery. 


FORM  FOR  PROPOSAL. 


The  undersigned  having  carefully  read  the  specifications  here- 
unto annexed  for  the  pipes  and  castings  of  the  Covington  New 
Water  Works,  and  having  personally  examined  the  ground  on  the 
location  of  the  pipe  line,  hereby  propose  to  furnish  and  deliver  said 
pipes  and  castings,  and  upon  acceptance  of  this  proposal  by  the 
Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir,  hereby  agree  and  bind  them- 
selves to  enter  into  and  execute  a contract  for  the  delivery  of  said 
pipes  and  castings  in  accordance  with  said  specifications  at  the  fol- 
lowing prices : 

Straight  pipe  delivered  o,  b,  c,  in  Covington  per  ton  of  2,000 
lbs.  — . 

Straight  pipe  delivered  o,  b,  c,  in  Newport  per  ton  of  2,000 
lbs. . 


Straight  pipe  delivered  and  distributed  on  the  located  line  of 
pipe — per  ton  of  2,000  lbs. . 

Special  castings  delivered  on  board  cars  in  Covington — per  ton 
of  2,000  lbs. . 

Special  castings  delivered  o,  b,  c,  in  Newport — per  ton  of 
2,000  lbs . 

Special  castings  delivered  and  distributed  on  the  located  line  of 
pipe — per  ton  of  2,000  lbs. . 


.Signature 

Address 


86 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


EXHIBIT  “D.” 

SPECIFICATIONS 


FOR  THE 

DELIVERY  OF  PIPES  AND  CASTINGS  FOR  THE  NEW 
COVINGTON  WATER  WORS. 


EXTENT  OF  CONTRACT. 

The  contract  for  the  delivery  of  the  pipes  and  castings  shall  in- 
clude the  unloading  from  the  cars  at  the  railroad  yard  in  Covington 
and  Newport  and  the  hauling  of  the  same  to  the  place  they  are  in- 
tended to  occupy  on  the  pipe  line  and  at  the  reservoir  site.  The 
pipes  intended  to  be  laid  on  the  west  side  of  the  Licking  shall  be 
delivered  by  the  foundry  on  board  of  cars  in  Covington,  those  in- 
tended to  be  laid  on  the  east  side  of  the  Licking  shall  be  delivered 
by  the  foundry  on  board  of  cars  in  Newport. 

UNLOADING. 

The  cars  must  be  unloaded  promptly  within  the  time  allowed  by 
railroad  company  for  the  same.  Any  charge  for  demurrage  of  cars 
beyond  said  time  shall  be  paid  by  the  contractors.  In  unloading 
the  cars  the  pipe  shall  not  be  allowed  to  drop  therefrom,  but  shall 
be  handled  with  a derrick,  or  rolled  off  gently  by  means  of  skids 
and  ropes.  The  same  care  shall  be  used  in  unloading  from  the 
wagons  and  trucks  at  the  place  of  delivery  on  the  line. 

HAULING  AND  DELIVERY. 

The  pipes  shall  be  hauled  on  suitable  trucks  and  wagons  and  de- 
ivered  on  the  ground,  in  a sound  condition,  within  thirty  feet  of 
the  place  they  are  intended  to  occupy  in  the  trench,  or  at  such  place 
as  shall  be  satisfactory  to  the  engineer  for  the  Tiustees.  They  shall 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


87 


not  be  dragged  or  rolled  over  stony  ground,  but  shall  be  handled 
with  proper  care  and  judgment  to  avoid  injury  to  the  iron  and  the 
rubbing  off  of  the  coating.  The  engineer  shall  designate  the  exact 
location  on  the  line  of  each  class  of  pipe. 

FAILURE  TO  DELIVER. 

The  progress  of  the  pipe  laying  and  other  work  of  the  Trustees 
must  not  be  delayed  by  the  failure  of  the  contractor  to  deliver  the 
pipe  and  castings  as  specified ; and  in  case  he  should  fail  to  deliver 
the  same  promptly  as  they  arrive  from  the  foundry,  or  cause  any 
injury  or  damage  to  the  pipes  in  handling  or  hauling  the  same,  or 
fail  to  comply  with  any  other  condition  of  his  contract,  it  shall  be 
in  the  discretion  of  the  Trustees  to  employ  any  other  person  or  per- 
sons by  contract  or  day’s  work,  or  otherwise,  to  do  the  work,  and 
to  purchase  other  pipes  and  castings  to  replace  those  that  may  have 
been  damaged  or  injured,  and  to  deduct  all  expenses  thereby  in- 
curred from  any  money  which  may  then  or  may  afterwards  become 
due  to  the  said  contractors. 

PRICES. 

The  prices  must  cover  all  labor,  tools,  appliances,  working  tools, 
and  other  expenses  necesary  or  incidental  to  the  prompt  and  safe 
delivery  of  the  pipes  and  castings  as  specified. 

LIABILITIES. 

The  contractor  shall  be  liable  for  all  damages  done  tD  persons  and' 
properties,  caused  by  them  or  their  agents. 

PAYMENTS. 

The  contractors  shall  be  paid  on  or  about  the  15th  of  every 
month  ninety  per  cent,  of  the  monthly  estimates  returned  by  the 
Engineer  for  pipe  delivered  during  the  preceding  month,  and  the 
balance  at  the  termination  of  the  contract  on  the  presentation  of 
the  final  certificate  of  the  Engineer. 

INFORMATION. 

Information  as  to  the  location  of  the  pipe  line  and  reservoirs  can 
be  had  at  the  Engineer’s  office.  Contractors  are  required  to  go 
over  the  ground  and  acquaint  themselves  with  the  difficulties  of 
delivery  and  the  length  of  the  haul  before  bidding. 


88 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


The  Trustees  guarrantee  to  the  Cincinnati  and  Newport  Iron  and 
Pipe  Company  free  right  of  ingress  and  egress  on  the  entire  line 
of  the  pipe,  to  be  exercised  with  due  care  on  their  part  in  doing 
said  hauling. 

FORM  FOR  PROPOSALS  FOR  THE  DELIVERY  OF  PIPES. 

The  undersigned  having  carefully  read  the  specifications  hereto 
annexed  for  the  delivery  on  the  line  of  pipe,  of  the  pipes  and  cast- 
ings required  for  the  new  Covington  Water  Works,  and  having  per- 
sonally examined  the  ground  on  the  location  of  the  pipe  line,  here- 
by proposes  to  deliver  said  pipes  and  castings  from  the  railroad  cars 
in  Newport  and  Covington,  and  on  acceptance  of  this  proposal 
by  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir,  hereby  agree  to  enter 
into  and  execute  a contract  with  said  Trustees  for  the  delivery  of 
said  pipes  and  castings  in  accordance  with  said  specifications  at  the 
following  price  : — 

1.  For  pipes  and  castings  delivered  on  the  west  side  of  the  Lick- 
ing— per  ton  of  2,000  lbs. — $ 

2.  For  pipes  and  castings  delivered  on  the  east  side  of  the  Lick- 
ing— per  ton  of  2,000  lbs. — $ 

Signature. 

Address. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir . 


89 


EXHIBIT  “ E.” 

SPECIFICATIONS 


FLOATING  TUBES,  WASHOUTS,  GATES  AND  APPEN- 
DAGES OF  THE  COVINGTON  RESERVOIR. 
GENERAL  DESCRIPTION. 


FLOATING  TUBES  AND  APPENDAGES — BODIES. 

There  shall  be  three  floating  tubes,  30  inches  inside  diameter,  and 
29  feet,  29  feet  and  35  feet  long  respectively  from  center  of  rotation 
to  upper  end  of  strainer. 

The  body  of  each  tube  shall  be  built  of  sheet  iron  fa  inch  thick, 
riveted  with  butt  joints,  batten  rings  and  plates;  the  batten  rings 
on  the  outside  and  the  batten  plates  on  the  inside. 

The  tube  bodies  shall  be  stiffened  with  2 in.  x 2 in.  x 3.1  lb.  angle 
rings,  space  as  shown  on  plan. 

CAST  ELBOWS. 

The  lower  end  of  tube  shall  be  fastened  to  a flanged  cast  iron 
elbow  by  a 3 in.  x 3^  in.  X9  lb.  angle,  and  24  bolts,  fa  in.,  with  a 
lead  gasket  between  them.  To  a cast  bracket  on  the  elbow  is  fitted 
a wrought  iron  journal,  fastened  thereto  with  four  fa  inch  bolts, 
and  turning  on  brass  bearings  on  a cast  iron  chair,  as  shown  on 
plan. 

A circular  frame  of  wrought  iron  pressed  into  the  opposite  end 
of  the  elbow  is  fastened  thereto  with  four  [4]  fa  set  screws.  Into 
the  center  of  the  frame  is  fitted  a 2 in.  pin,  fastened  with  nut  and 
washer,  and  fixed  with  a fa  set  screw. 


90 


Final  Report  oj  the  Engineer 


The  journal  end  of  the  pin,  turns  in  a brass  bushing,  fitted  into 
the  center  of  a similar  frame  at  the  end  of  a 30-in.  cast  elbow 
bolted  to  the  upper  end  of  the  effluent  pipe  which  projects  above 
the  masonry,  as  shown.  The  joint  between  the  two  elbows  is  made 
water  tight  by  a cup  leather  packing,  as  shown. 

STRAINERS. 

The  strainer  at  the  upper  end  of  the  tube  is  formed  of  71  parallel 
angle  bars,  1 in.  x 1 in.  x 1 lb.  x 2 ft.  in.  long,  spaced  ^4  of 
an  inch  in  the  clear,  and  fastened  by  two  [2]  ^-in.  rivets  at  each 
end,  to  iron  angle  rings  3 in.  x 3 in.  X5.  9 lbs.  The  strainer  head 
is  a in.  plate,  perforated  with  y-in.  holes,  2 in.  center  to  center, 
staggered,  riveted  to  the  upper  angle  iron  ring.  All  the  rivets  in 
the  tube,  excepting  when  otherwise  specified,  are  y in.,  spaced  2 in. 
center  to  center. 

To  facilitate  repairs,  three  of  the  parallel  angle  bars  on  each  side 
of  the  strainer  are  fastened  together  but  are  not  riveted  to  the  angle 
rings,  as  shown  on  plan,  and  can  be  removed  when  the  plates  are 
taken  off. 

Immediately  below  the  strainer,  a yoke  made  of  two  bars  y in.  x 
2 in.  riveted  to  the  body  of  the  tube,  serves  for  the  attachment  of 
the  float  on  the  upper  side,  and  of  the  hauling  down  chain  on  the 
under  side. 

float.  1 

The  floats  are  cylinders,  4 ft. — 6 in.  diameter,  with  curved  top 
and  bottom,  as  shown  • the  length  of  the  cylindrical  part  being  4 ft. 
— 3 in.  for  the  lower  basin,  and  3 ft. — 9 in.  for  the  upper  basins. 

They  are  built  of  ^-in.  iron  plates  and  2^x2^  angles,  rivet- 
ed with  y2  in.  rivets  2 in.  pitch.  On  the  top  is  riveted  a wrought 
iron  flange  collar  2 inches  inside  diameter,  closed  with  a brass 
screw  plug  to  admit  the  suction  end  of  a hand  pump  for  the  pur- 
pose of  pumping  out  water  that  may  leak  into  the  float. 

The  top  and  bottom  are  connected  with  a y inch  rod  upset  and 
threaded  at  the  upper  end,  with  an  eye-head  and  shoulder  at  the 
lower  end.  The  rod  goes  through  two  wrought  iron  flanged  collars 


1The  construction  and  sizes  of  floats  were  modified,  they  are  riveted 
under  the  tubes  and  made  all  of  the  same  size,  viz,  6 ft.  4 in.  in  diameter, 
and  5 ft.  long  in  the  body. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


91 


riveted  to  the  top  and  bottom  of  float;  these  collars  project  i inch 
inside  of  float  through  the  ends  of  a two  inch  gas  pipe  strut. 

The  nut  of  the  if  inch  rod  is  forged  with  a if  inch  round  holder, 
through  which  a check  nut  is  screwed  home.  The  lower  end  of  the 
y inch  rod  is  attached  to  the  hinge  frame  through  a double  forked 
forging,  forming  two  knuckle  joints  at  right  angles.  Lead  washers 
are  interposed  between  bearings  at  each  end  of  the  if  inch  rod  to 
form  water-tight  joints. 

The  hinge  frame  is  forged  in  one  piece,  “A  ” shaped,  with  i in.  x 
i in.  iron,  and  turns  on  a i inch  rod  through  the  upper  end  of  the 
yoke  attachment. 

CAST  STAND  FOR  FLOAT.  2 

A T7g  inch  check  chain,  5 feet  long,  fastened  at  one  end  to  the 
lower  pin  of  the  knuckle  joint,  and  to  the  strainer  head  at  the  other, 
forces  the  float  to  settle  on  a cast  iron  stand  in  front  of  the  strainer 
when  the  tube  is  at  rest  in  a horizontal  position.  This  stand  is 
flanged  at  both  ends,  one  opened  in  front  at  the  top  and  in  the  rear 
at  the  bottom,  to  allow  for  the  free  motion  of  the  hinge  frame  and 
of  the  hauling  down  chain.  It  is  anchored  to  a stone  pedestal  with 
four  anchor  bolts,  if  inch  diameter,  as  shown. 

CAST  SUPPORT  FOR  FLOATING  TUBE. 

Another  cast  iron  stand,  also  anchored  to  a stone  pedestal  with 
4 if  inch  bolts,  serves  to  support  the  floating  tube  when  it  is  at  rest 
in  a horizontal  position.  This  stand  supports  also  an  8 inch  pully, 
with  brass  bushing,  for  hauling  down  chain. 

HAULING  DOWN  CHAIN  AND  CAST  IRON  WAYS. 

This  is  a inch  chain,  fastened  at  one  end  to  the  lower  part  of 
the  yoke  back  of  the  strainer,  and  at  the  other  end  to  the  drum  of  a 
crab  anchored  on  top  of  the  dam,  in  a direct  line  with  the  floating 
tube. 

The  chain  rests  on  cast  iron  ways,  made  of  ribbed  slabs,  laid  on 
the  stone  pavement  of  the  dam,  as  shown.  The  length  of  chain, 
which  must  be  sufficient  to  allow  the  tubes  to  stand  in  a vertical 
position,  is  179  feet  for  the  lower  basin,  and  156  feet  for  each  of  the 
two  upper  basins. 


2This  stand  was  dispensed  with. 


92 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


HAND  CRABS. 

The  three  hand  crabs  are  alike.  They  shall  be  built  with  strong 
cast  iron  frames,  anchored  on  a masonry  foundation,  and  shall  be 
geared  with  sufficient  power  and  strength  for  a pull  of  6,000  pounds 
with  two  men  at  the  cranks;  they  shall  have  a hand-brake  and 
ratchet  wheel,  and  all  journal  bearing  shall  be  of  Babbitt  metal. 


FLUSHING  GATES  AND  APPENDAGE'S. 

There  shall  be  three  flushing  gates,  one  for  each  basin  of  the 
Reservoir.  They  shall*  be  alike,  excepting  the  length  of  the  chains, 
which  shall  be  thirteen  feet  for  the  lower  basin,  and  17  feet  6 inches 
for  each  of  the  other  two  upper  basins. 

GATE  BELL. 

The  gate  bell  is  a cylinder  21^  inches  inside  of  diameter,  4 feet 
3 inches  high,  out  to  out,  made  of  y inch  iron  riveted  with  butt 
joint  and  outside  batten  plates  on  the  seam.  It  shall  be  closed  on 
top  with  a riveted  flanged  plate  ^4  inch  thick.  An  annular  cast 
footing  riveted  at  the  bottom  forms  the  seat  of  the  gate.  All  the 
rivets  shall  be  y inch  with  2 inch  pitch,  unless  otherwise  specified. 

Underneath  the  inside  flange  of  the  cast  footing  a rubber  ring  y 
inch  thick,  13^  inches,  inside  diameter,  is  bolted  wich  12  half  inch 
bolts,  and  a wrought  iron  washer  ring  2 in.  x y in.  All  bearing 
surfaces  of  the  cast  footing  shall  be  dressed ; the  inside  surface  of 
same  below  the  flange  shall  be  dressed  to  a conical  shape,  as 
shown. 

GUIDE  RODS. 

Two  guide  rods,  1 ^4-inch  diameter,  have  T heads  at  the  lower 
ends  fitting  into  notched  lugs  cast  on  the  flushing  elbow  set  in  the 
concrete  revetment  of  the  basin.  The  top  ends  of  the  guide  rods 
are  threaded,  and  screw  on  two  cast  bearings,  bolted  on  a 
wrought  iron  bracket  frame,  set  in  the  masonry,  as  shown. 

Two  wrought  iron  guides,  riveted  to  the  body  of  the  gate  bell, 
fit  on  the  guide  rods  through  bored  holes  1 inches  in  diameter, 
lined  with  brass  bushings  }&  inch  thick. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


93 


BRACKET  FRAME. 

The  bracket  frame  is  formed  of  a horizontal  bar,  ^ in.  by  3 in., 
forged  into  a U shape,  and  bent  downwards  at  the  ends,  which  are 
laid  18  inches  into  masonry.  Two  inclined  braces  of  the  same  size 
support  this  bar  underneath ; they  bear  squarely  against  the  masonry 
at  the  bottom  through  a forked  end,  and  connect  with  the  horizon- 
tal bar  at  the  top  by  riveted  butting  pieces,  and  4 three-quarter 
inch  bolts,  which  serve  also  to  fasten  the  bearings  for  the  guide  rods. 

The  gate  bell  is  suspended  to  a ^ inch  chain  by  a V shaped  stir- 
rup, made  of  ^-inch  round  iron,  riveted  to  the  body  of  the  bell,  as 
shown. 


ANCHOR  BOLTS. 

Provide  four^,nchor  bolts  for  each  gate  with  6 in.  x 6 in.  x in. 
wrought  washers  to  set  the  lifting  crane  on  top  of  the  misonry  pier. 
These  bolts  shall  be  of  1^  inches  in  diameter,  and  22  inches  long, 
from  center  of  eye.  They  shall  be  forged  with  flat  eye  heads,  as 
shown. 

LIFTING  CRANES. 

Provide  one  lifting  crane  with  folding  legs  as  shown  on  drawing, 
to  serve  for  the  three  basins.  The  hinge  on  top  is  formed  by  1^- 
inch  pin  through  eye  forgings  bolted  to  the  ends  of  frame  and 
leg  timbers,  and  supports  the  chain  pulley  9 inches  in  diameter,  with 
brass  bushing. 

Forgings  with  forked  eyes  are  also  bolted  to  the  bottom  ends  of 
frame  and  leg  timbers,  and  fastened  by  pins  to  the  four  anchor  bolts 
on  the  pier.  On  the  frame  is  mounted  a hand  crab  geared  with 
sufficient  power  and  strength  for  a pull  of  6,000  pounds  on  the 
chain  with  two  men  at  the  crank  wheels.  The  crab  shall  have  a 
hand  brake  and  ratchet  wheel,  and  all  journal  bearings  shall  be  of 
Babbitt  metal  or  brass. 

The  crank  wheels  shall  be  three  feet  in  diameter ; they  shall  be 
built  to  act  as  common  wheels  rolling  on  the  ground  when  the  legs 
are  folded  and  the  crane  is  being  moved  from  place  to  place. 
When  acting  in  this  manner  they  shall  be  disconnected  from  the 
gearings. 


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Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


WORKMANSHIP  AND  DETAILS  OF  CONSTRUCTION. 


All  workmanship  shall  be  first  class  in  every  particular. 

RIVETING. 

Rivet  holes  shall  be  accurately  spaced,  and  shall  fit  exactly  oppo- 
site to  each  other,  without  drifting.  No  crack  shall  be  allowed  be- 
tween the  rivet  holes  and  edge  of  piece.  Rivets,  when  driven,  shall 
completely  fill  the  holes.  Rivet  heads  shall  be  full  size,  well  formed, 
and  concentric  to  the  holes.  No  loose  rivets  shall  be  allowed.  All  » 
joints  in  the  floating  tube,  float  and  gate  bell,  must  be  thoroughly 
caulked  and  water-tight. 

BEARING  SURFACES.  1 

All  bearing  surfaces  except  between  riveted  plates,  must  be  ma- 
chine dressed,  and  must  fit  with  close  contact  throughout. 


PIN  HOLES. 

All  pin  holes  shall  be  bored  at  right  angles  with  the  plane  of 
rotation. 

pins. 

All  pins  shall  be  turned  true  to  size  and  straight. 

NUTS,  THREADS  AND  WASHERS. 


There  shall  be  wrought  iron  washers  under  all  nuts  of  pins,  and 
under  nut  and  head  of  all  bolts  through  wood ; and  the  bearing  of 
all  nuts  and  heads  must  be  uniform  and  true. 

All  threads  must  be  well  and  uniformly  cut  and  full.  Nuts  shall 
generally  be  hexagonal  in  shape ; they  must  fit  well  and  without 
play. 


GEARING. 

All  gearings  shall  fit  well  without  lost  motion,  and  shall  be  pro- 
portioned with  a factor  of  safety  of  5 for  wrought  iron,  and  10  for 
cast  iron. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


95 


QUALITY  OF  MATERIAL 


WROUGHT  IRON. 

All  wrought  iron  shall  be  tough,  ductile,  and  of  fibrous  texture. 
Specimens  of  y2  square  inch  in  sectional  area  cut  out  of  bars  and 
angles  shall  stand  without  breaking,  not  less  than  50,000  pounds 
tensile  stress,  with  elongation  of  18  per  cent.,  and  shall  bend  cold  180° 
without  sign  of  fracture,  around  a circle  whose  radius  is  equal  to 
the  thickness  of  the  iron.  Specimens,  cut  out  of  plates,  shall  stand 
without  breaking,  a tensile  stress  of  not  less  than  48,000  pounds 
with  elongation  of  10  per  cent.,  and  shall  bend  cold  without  sign  of 
fracture,  90°  around  a circle  whose  radius  is  equal  to  the  thickness 
of  the  iron.  Cold  rivets  shall  bend  flat  on  themselves  without  sign 
of  fracture. 

CAST  IRON. 

Cast  iron  shall  be  of  the  best  quality  of  tough  gray  metal,  and 
shall  stand  without  breaking,  20,000  pounds  tensile  stress,  in  speci- 
mens y inches  in  diameter.  Castings  shall  be  smooth,  well-shaped, 
free  from  air  holes,  cracks,  cinders,  core  nails,  and  other  imper- 
fections. 

All  the  wrought  and  cast  iron  must  be  thoroughly  protected  with 
a coating  of  coal  tar  and  oil  by  Dr.  Angus  Smith’s  process. 

PRICES. 

The  price  bid  must  cover  all  the  material  and  work  for  the  entire 
outfit,  delivered  in  a finished  condition,  ready  for  erection  at  the 
Reservoir.  All  parts  being  distributed  and  left  as  near  as  practi- 
cable to  the  places  which  they  are  designed  to  occupy.  The  prices 
must  also  cover  the  guarantee  that  the  entire  plant,  as  well  as  each 
part  thereof,  shall  work  satisfactorily.  All  injuries  or  imperfections 
which  may  occur,  or  be  discovered  during  the  first  six  months  of 
continuous  use  of  plant,  and  which  may  be  attributed  to  inferior 
material  or  workmanship,  shall  be  made  good  by  the  contractor  at 
his  own  cost. 


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EXHIBIT  “ F.” 

SPECIFICATION 

FOR 

ENGINE  HOUSE  AND  COAL  SHED  FOR  AUXILIARY 
PUMP  AT  RESERVOIR. 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION. 

1'he  engine  house  and  coal  shed  shall  be  located  on  the  side  of 
the  driveway  around  the  lower  basin  at  the  Reservoir,  about  20  feet 
from  the  center  line  of  the  influent  pipe  branch  to  the  lower  basin, 
on  a site  specially  graded  for  the  same.  The  work  shall  include  the 
foundation  and  valve  pit,  the  walls,  roof,  floor,  doors,  windows, 
drains,  and  all  the  materials  and  labor  necessary  and  sufficient  to 
complete  the  house  and  shed  in  accordance  with  plans  and  specifi- 
cations, ready  to  receive  the  machinery  and  coal  supply. 

FOUNDATION  AND  VALVE  PIT. 

The  excavation  for  the  foundation  and  valve  pit  shall  be  carried 
down  to  a solid  stratum  to  such  depth  as  the  Engineer  may  direct. 
The  bottom  of  the  trench  and  pit  shall  be  properly  trimmed  and 
stepped  to  the  proper  level. 

The  first  course  of  masonry  shall  be  laid  on  a good  bed  of 
cement  mortar.  The  walls,  18  in.  thick,  shall  be  of  rubble  ma- 
sonry built  of  large,  selected,  flat  limestone  of  the  best  quality  exca- 
vated out  of  the  basin,  free  of  clay  and  laid  flush  in  good  Louisville 
cement  mortar,  composed  of  one  part  cement  and  two  parts  of  clean, 
sharp  sand  mixed  on  a plank  bed,  and  used  immediately  after  mix- 
ing. The  stones  shall  be  thoroughly  bedded  in  mortar,  and  joints 
thoroughly  filled — there  shall  be  no  void  spaces  in  the  masonry. 
All  showing  parts  of  the  walls  shall  be  smooth  and  pointed  with 
Portland  cement.  The  bottom  of  the  pit  shall  be  covered  with  six 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


97 


(6)  inches  of  good  concrete,  made  of  4 parts  of  broken  rock,  two 
parts  sand  and  one  part  Louisville  cement,  thoroughly  mixed  on  a 
plank  bed,  and  well  rammed  in  place.  This  concrete  shall  be  plas- 
tered with  Portland  cement  mortar  so  as  to  cover  all  projections  and 
leave  a smooth  surface.  The  foundation  walls  for  the  brick  walls 
shall  be  capped  with  a 10  in.  course  of  sandstone,  14  in.  wide. 
The  pit  walls  shall  be  capped  with  3 x 12  in.  wooden  plates.  The 
space  between  the  masonry  and  the  sides  of  the  excavation  shall  be 
filled  with  clay  well  rammed  in. 

Where  pipes  go  through  the  walls,  a small  arch  opening  shall  be 
made  for  the  same,  and  the  space  between  the  pipe  and  opening  filled 
with  concrete  after  the  pipe  is  laid. 

The  pit  shall  be  drained  with  a 6 inch,  vitrified,  stoneware  pipe 
laid  in  cement,  and  leading  to  the  lower  basin. 

BRICK  WALLS. 

The  brick  walls  shall  be  13  in.  thick;  they  shall  be  built  of 
sound,  hard  burned,  well  tempered  brick,  free  from  cracks,  well 
shapped,  soaked  in  water  before  being  laid,  and  laid  flus.h  in  good 
lime  mortar  ; all  the  joints  to  be  well  filled  and  not  to  exceed  ^4  in. 
thick. 

The  walls  shall  be  well  bonded,  every  seventh  course  being 
of  headers ; no  bats  shall  be  used  except  for  closures. 

The  walls  shall  be  neatly  pointed  and  cleaned  inside  and  out. 

PLANK  WALLS. 

The  front  of  the  coal  shed  shall  be  boarded  and  battened  from 
the  roof  down,  leaving  an  opening  of  6 ft.  high  from  the  floor. 
The  boards  shall  be  8 in.  x 1 in.,  and  the  battens  3 in.  x 1 in. 
chamfered. 

All  outside  wood  work  shall  be  dressed. 

FLOORS. 

The  floors  shall  be  constructed  of  2 inch  matched,  white  oak 
boards  6 in.  wide,  nailed  to  4 in.  x 6 in.  sills,  3 feet  centre  to  cen- 
tre, laid  flush  on  a bed  of  broken  stone  and  sand  10  in.  thick.  The 
pit  shall  be  covered  with  movable  boards  3 in,  thick. 

ROOF. 

The  rafters  shall  rest  on  2 in.  x 12  in.  wall  plates,  and  shall  be 
spiked  thereon  at  both  ends. 


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Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


The  sheathing  shall  be  one-inch  matched  boards,  free  of  holes 
and  loose  knots. 

The  roof  covering  shall  consist  of  3 plies  of  best  quality  of 
roofing  felt,  weighing  not  less  than  50  lbs.  to  the  square,  each  ply 
to  be  securely  fastened  to  roof  sheathing  every  3 ft.  with  6 penny 
nails  with  tin  washers  ^ in.'  diameter. 

There  shall  be  a coating  of  roofing  pitch  between  each  ply, 
evenly  spread,  using  not  less  than  40  lbs.  of  pitch  to  the  square. 
The  felt  shall  be  covered  with  two  coats  of  semi-liquid  asphalt 
evenly  spread,  using  in  both  coats  not  less  than  60  lbs.  of  asphalt  to 
the  square,  and  embedding  in  the  last  coat,  fine  crushed  granite  free 
from  dust  and  sand,  that  shall  completely  cover  the  roof.  The  felt 
shall  be  closely  nailed  to  the  edge  of  the  sheathing  all  around,  and 
shall  be  worked  over  the  flange  of  the  drum  on  the  upper  side,  un- 
der the  same  on  the  lower  side  and  over  the  tin  of  gutters,  so  as  to 
make  a water  tight  finish. 

DRUM. 

A flanged  drum  of  No.  12,  galvanized  iron,  26  in.  diameter 
and  30  in.  high,  shall  be  provided  and  placed  as  shown  on  plans,  for 
the  passage  of  the  smoke  stack  through  the  roof. 

GUTTERS  AND  DOWN-SPOUTS. 

The  gutters  shall  be  made  with  raised  strips  on  sheathings, 
slanting  with  proper  fall,  and  lined  with  best  quality  of  roofing  tin 
soldered  and  painted  on  both  sides. 

The  down-spouts  shall  be  of  No.  22,  galvanized  iron  secured 
to  walls  with  approved  wrought  iron  fastenings;  they  shall  make 
water  tight  connection  with  gutter,  and  discharge  in  a 4 inch  vi- 
trified stoneware  pipe  laid  in  cement,  and  leading  to  the  road  ditch. 

WINDOWS  AND  DOORS. 

The  windows  shall  have  freestone  sills  and  caps,  strong  box 
frames  and  sashes  for  10  in.  x 16  in.  lights.  The  sashes  shall  be 
well  balanced,  shall  slide  easily,  and  shall  be  fitted  with  spring  locks 
and  brass  hook  lifts. 

The  front  door  shall  have  sandstone  cap  and  steps.  There 
shall  be  a transom  above  the  door.  The  door  shall  be  ife  inches 
thick,  and  shall  be  fitted  with  strong  lock. 

The  sliding  door  between  the  engine  room  and  coal  shed  shall 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


99 


be  of  dressed  white  pine,  hung  on  approved  rollers  to  wrought  iron 
bar  well  secured  to  wall.  It  shall  be  fitted  with  approved  bolt  and 
handle. 

PAINT. 

Doors,  windows,  cornices,  and  all  outside  wood  work,  shall  be 
painted  with  three  (3)  coats  of  white  lead  mixed  with  boiled  linseed 
oil  and  a pigment  of  approved  color.  All  inside  painting  shall  be 
finished  with  two  coats  of  varnish.  Gutters,  down  spouts,  drums, 
and  all  metal  about  the  building  shall  be  painted  with  three  (3)  coats 
of  best  iron  clad  paint. 

TIMBERS. 

All  timbers  shall  be  full  size,  sound,  true  and  straight,  of  the 
sound  heart  wood  of  living  trees ; they  shall  be  free  of  sap,  worm 
holes,  wind  shakes,  decayed  or  loose  knots  and  all  other  defects 
impairing  their  strength  or  durability. 

The  kind  of  timber  for  each  part  of  the  work  shall  be  subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  Engineer. 

GENERAL  CONDITIONS. 

All  materials  and  workmanship  must  be  of  the  best  class  and 
subject  to  the  inspection  and  acceptance  of  the  Engineer. 

The  contractor  shall  promptly  remove  all  rejected  material  from 
the  premises. 

He  shall  promptly  take  down  on  orders  from  the  Engineer,  all 
defective  work  and  rebuild  the  same  at  his  own  expense.  The  con- 
tractor assumes  all  risks  from  the  weather  and  casualities  of  all  kinds, 
and  agrees  to  make  good  and  repair  at  his  own  expense  all  damage 
or  defect  arising  from  imperfect  materials  or  workmanship  within 
twelve  months  after  the  acceptance  of  the  building  by  the  Engineer. 


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Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


EXHIBIT  “G.” 

GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS 


FOR 

AUXILIARY  PUMP  FOR  THE  NEW  COVINGTON  WA- 
TER WORKS. 


PUMP  AT  THE  COVINGTON  RESERVOIR. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION. 

This  plant  is  to  be  located  at  the  Covington  Reservoir,  at  a 
point  marked  P,  on  sheet  No.  i,  showing  the  general  plan  of  the 
reservoir  and  location  of  pipes,  hydrants  and  stand-pipe.  It  shall 
consist  of  a pump  and  boiler  with  all  necessary  appendages  and 
connections  intended  for  two  services;  namely  : 

i st.  The  delivery  of  water  in  the  stand-pipe  S,  for  the  supply 
of  the  U.  S.  Barracks. 

2nd.  The  direct  supply  of  flushing  hydrants  Nos.  i to  14, 
inclusive,  designed  for  cleaning  the  three  basins,  A,  B and  C,  by 
means  of  water  jets. 

The  source  of  supply  shall  be  from  the  force  main  F,  F,  when 
the  pumping  engines  are  working  ; when  they  are  not  working  the 
supply  shall  be  from  the  lower  basin,  A.  The  floor  of  the  pump 
house  shall  be  about  six  (6)  feet  above  the  highest  water  level  and 
21  feet  above  the  lowest  water  level  in  basin  A,  and  about  twenty 
(20)  feet  below  the  force  main  F,  F,  and  about  170  feet  below  high 
water  in  stand-pipe  S. 

The  length  of  the  suction  pipe  from  the  pump  to  the  strainer  in 
basin  A,  shall  be  about  90  feet. 

The  distance  from  the  pump  to  the  stand-pipe  shall  be  about 
1,800  feet.  • 

The  water  delivered  to  the  stand-pipe  shall  be  measured  through 
a meter,  M,  on  the  branch  leading  to  the  stand-pipe. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


101 


The  diameter  of  the  suction  pipe  and  of  the  several 
discharge  pipes  throughout  their  entire  lengths  shall  be  six  (6)  in. 
inches. 

The  general  arrangement  shall  be  such  as  shown  by  diagram  on 
sheet  No.  2.  There  shall  be  a connection  between  the  boiler  and 
the  supply  pipe  leading  to  the  force  main  F,  F,  in  order  to  fill  the 
boiler  when  cold  and  empty. 

The  suction  and  discharge  pipes  shall  be  connected  as  shown, 
in  order  to  drain  the  entire  system  of  discharge  pipes  through  the 
suction  pipe  ; point  L,  being  the  lowest  point  of  said  system. 

CONDITIONS  OF  WORK  AND  DETAILS  OF  CONSTRUCTION. 

When  running  at  a piston  speed  of  not  more  than  100  feet  per 
minute,  with  a pressure  of  steam  in  the  boiler  of  not  more  than  75 
lbs.  per  square  inch,  the  pumps  shall  deliver  through  a 1 ^ in.  noz- 
zle at  the  end  of  a hose  two  hundred  feet  (200)  long  attached  to  any 
of  the  hydrants,  not  less  than  three  hundred  and  fifty  (350)  gallons 
of  water  per  minute,  by  actual  measurement,  under  a hydraulic 
pressure  head  of  about  85  lbs.  per  square  inch. 

Under  these  conditions,  the  boiler  shall  evaporate  not  less  than 
nine  (9)  lbs.  of  water  per  pound  of  ordinary  Pittsburgh  coal,  run 
of  the  mine  (unscreened). 

There  shall  be  no  foot  valve  to  the  suction  pipe.  The  pump 
shall  work  with  a water  piston  instead  of  a plunger.  The  pump 
cylinder  shall  be  lined  with  brass ; the  piston  rod  shall  be  of  brass ; 
the  valve  seats  shall  also  be  of  brass,  and  shall  be  easily  accessible 
for  cleaning  and  repair.  The  air  chamber  shall  be  of  sufficient 
capacity  to  insure  a uniform  flow  of  jet. 

The  pump  shall  be  provided  with  a water  pressure  gauge,  with 
a boiler  feeder,  heater,  check  valve,  oil  cups,  and  other  accessories. 

The  boiler  shall  be  proved  under  hydraulic  test  to  one  hundred 
and  eighty  (180)  lbs.  per  square  inch;  it  must  be  provided  with  an 
iron  stack  of  suitable  size,  properly  secured  with  guys,  and  capped ; 
it  shall  have  a damper  and  a drip  collar  over  drum  through  roof  of 
engine  house.  The  boiler  shall  have  a safety  valve,  gauge  cock,  a 
water  gauge,  a steam  pressure  gauge,  man  holes  and  hand  holes 
sufficient  to  render  all  parts  of  the  interior  easily  accessible  for 
cleaning  ; discharge  cock,  check  valve,  water-tight  ash  pan,  and  all 
other  necessary  accessories. 


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\ 


The  boiler,  pipes,  and  all  unfinished  parts  of  the  machinery 
shall  be  protected  with  (3)  coats  of  black  Japan  varnish. 

All  materials  used  in  the  construction  of  the  pump,  boiler  and 
appendages,  must  be  of  the  best  quality,  and  all  workmanship  must 
be  of  the  first-class  in  every  particular. 

PRICE. 

The  price  shall  include,  besides  the  pump  and  boilers  as  de- 
scribed above,  the  pipes  and  valves  connecting  the  boiler  with  the 
pump,  the  four  valves  and  the  pipes  necessary  to  connect  the  pump 
with  the  discharge  and  suction  pipes,  as  shown  in  diagram  on  sheet 
No.  2,  all  tools  necessary  to  take  apart  or  put  together  the  different 
parts  of  the  machinery,  and  all  other  materials  and  labor  necessary 
or  incidental  to  the  construction,  delivery  and  erection  of  the  plant 
in  good  working  order,  and  to  the  acceptance  of  the  Engineer,  for 
the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


SPECIFICATION  AND  PROPOSAL 


FOR 

PUMPING  OUTFIT  AT  NEW  RESERVOIR  OF  COVING- 
TON WATER  WORKS  SUBMITTED  BY  THE  LAID- 
LAW  & DUNN  CO. 


PUMP. 

The  pump  will  be  of  our  standard  “ Duplex”  pumps,  having 
12  in.  steam  cylinders,  7 in.  water  cylinders  and  10  in.  stroke.  The 
pump  will  be  fitted  with  cast  brass  removable  and  interchangeable 
water  cylinders,  brass  valve  seats  brass  studs  and  springs,  compo- 
sition valves  and  bronze  piston  rods,  copper  air  vessel,  steel  adjusta- 
ble valve,  motion  to  take  up  tear  and  wear  on  same.  Pump  fitted 
for  6 in.  suction  pipe  and  6 in.  discharge  pipe,  2j^  in.  steam  pipe 
and  3 in.  exhaust  pipe. 

boiler. 

The  boiler  will  be  of  the  well  known  Tubular  type,  41  H.  P., 
48  in.  diameter  x 14  ft.  long,  having  26  tubes  4 in.  diameter  x 14  ft. 
long.  Shell  3-10  in.  thickness.  Heads  7-16  in.  All  made  of 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


108 


60,000  T.  S.  steel.  Dome  24  in.  x 24  in.  Two  cast  lugs  on  each 
side  of  boiler  to  suspend  same.  Man  hole  front  and  back  and 
boiler  tested  to  180  lbs.  Water  pressure  and  certificate  furnished. 
Boiler  set  with  one  full  fire  front,  15  in.  door  liners,  bearing  bars, 

4 ft.  x 4 in.  Tupper  grate  bars,  ash  pit  doors,  flue  plate,  soot  frame 
and  door,  smoke  plate  and  damper,  six  (6)  buck  bars  and  bolts ; 
setting  to  be  brick,  with  fire  brick  where  it  comes  in  contact  with 
flame,  set  in  best  system  for  economy. 

CHIMNEY. 

Chimney  will  be  22  in.  diameter  x 50  ft.,  made  of  No.  12  iron, 
painted  and  thoroughly  stayed  with  guy  ropes. 

BOILER  FEEDER. 

The  boiler  feeder  will  be  one  of  our  standard  “ Duplex”  steam 
pumps,  having  3 in.  steam  cylinders  and  2 in.  water  cylinders  x 3 in. 
stroke,  guaranteed  to  feed  boiler,  fitted  with  brass  valves  and  valve 
seats,  and  copper  air  vessel. 

FOUNDATIONS  FOR  PUMPS. 

The  foundations  for  pumps  will  be  built  of  brick  with  a free- 
stone on  top  of  brick  work ; large  pump  having  a 6 in.  stone  of 
proper  size,  and  the  small  pump  having  a 4 in.  stone  of  proper  size. 

PIPE  WORK. 

The  pump  will  be  fitted  with  2 suctions  and  2 discharges,  with 
a 6 in.  gate  valve  on  each  suction  and  discharge.  We  will  also 
make  a connection  between  discharge  pipe  and  suction  pipe,  with  a 
6 in.  gate  valve  in  the  same,  to  drain  both  discharges  into  suction 
leading  to  basin  A,  making  in  all,  five  (5)  6 in.  gate  valves  with  pipe,  ' 
nipples,  elbows  and  tees  necessary  to  make  these  various  connec- 
tions. We  will  also  fit  piping  from  boiler  to  both  steam  pumps, and 
fit  exhaust  pipe  from  both  steam  pumps  up  through  the  roof  of  build- 
ing. Blow-off  from  boiler  to  be  carried  to  the  outside  of  building. 
A separate  feed  pipe  shall  be  run  from  suction  pipe  to  feed  boiler 
when  cold  and  empty. 

Boiler  to  be  fitted  with  standard  steam  gauge,  and  all  suitable 
gauge  cocks,  water  column,  safety  valve  and  trimmings.  All  pipes 
to  be  painted  as  specified. 

Water  gauge  to  register  pressure  in  pounds  and  feet,  to  be 
attached  to  pump.  We  will  also  furnish  and  attach  to  exhaust  pipe 


104 


Final  Report  oj  the  Engineer 


at  large  pump,  a coil  heater  to  pass  the  feed  water  through  from 
small  boiler  feeder  to  the  filter  and  hence  into  boiler.  Said  heater 
to  heat  the  water  to  2 1 2 degrees  F. 

We  propose  to  furnish  you  a 2 ^ in.,  automatic  pressure,  regu- 
lating valve,  fully  guaranteed  to  work  satisfactorily,  put  on  for  the 
sum  of  fifty-one  dollars  ($51.00)  net. 

We  further  propose  to  furnish  a National  Filter,  16  in.  diameter 
x 4 ft.  6 in.,  guaranteed  of  sufficient  capacity  to  filter  all  the  feed 
water  between  the  heater  and  the  boiler  for  one  hundred  dollars 
($100.00)  net,  set  up  and  connected. 

The  whole  plant  to  be  erected  in  running  order  and  made 
satisfactory  to  all  concerned. 

Yours  respectfully, 

THE  LAIDLAW  & DUNN  CO. 

Robt.  Laidlaw,  Pres. 

Prices  accepted  as  follows  with  Duplex  pump  10  in.  x 12  in. 


steam  cylinders, $1, 685 . 00 

Automatic  pressure  regulating  valve, — 51.00 

One  national  filter  16  in.  x 4 ft.  6 in 100-00 


Total,  $i,836.oo 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


105 


EXHIBIT  “ H.” 

SPECIFICATIONS 

FOR 

WEIR  FOR  COVINGTON  RESERVOIR. 


DESCRIPTION. 

The  Weir  shall  consist  of  a rectangular  iron  trough,  25  ft. 
long,  8 ft.  in.  wide  and  4 ft.  6^  in.  deep,  inside  measurement, 
resting  on  a timber  frame  work  prepared  for  the  purpose,  as  shown 
on  plans. 

The  trough  shall  be  built  of  in.  plates,  riveted  with  but 
joints  and  outside  batten  plates,  stiffened  and  tied  with  2 x 2 in.  x 
3.2  lbs.  angles,  as  shown. 

The  open  end  of  the  trough  next  to  the  influent  well  shall 
be  lined  with  a rim  angle,  2x2^  in.  x 3.5  lbs.,  forged  to  fit  the 
inside  section  of  the  trough ; this  angle  shall  be  bolted  to  an  iron 
rim  on  a timber  bulkhead,  made  of  three  (3)  iron  plates,  one  hori- 
zontal, 7x5^  in.  x 9 ft.  3^  in.,  and  two  (2)  vertical,  7x1^  in.  x 
4 ft.  i*4  in.,  screwed  on  the  inside  face  of  the  bulkhead:  there 
shall  be  101  half  inch  bolts,  and  a suitable  gasket  shall  be  used  to 
form  a water-tight  joint. 

There  shall  be  three  (3)  guide  frames,  1 ft.  10^  in.  apart, 
next  to  the  open  end  of  the  trough,  built  of  2 x 2 in.  x 3.2  lbs.,  and 
2x2^  in.  x 2.7  lbs.,  angles,  and  properly  braced  and  tied  to- 
gether, as  shown  on  plans,  for  the  support  of  moveable  screen 
partitions.  Each  partition  to  consist  of  four  (4)  plates,  2 ft.  ^ in. 
X4  ft.  in.  ; one  set  of  these  plates  shall  be  plain,  the  plates  of 
the  other  two  sets  shall  be  perforated,  as  shown.  Each  plate  shall 
have  riveted  handles,  as  shown,  and  holding-up  pins  inch  in 
diameter,  chained  to  each  guide,  shall  serve  to  fasten  the  plate  at 
any  desired  elevation  through  holes  in  the  guide  angles  and  the 
sides  of  the  plate. 


106 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


There  shall  be  two  (2)  observation  boxes,  built  of  T3^  in.  bent 
• plates  resting  on  a 2 x 2 in.  angle  footing,  at  distance  of  3 ft.  6 in. 
and  9 ft.  6 in.  respectively  from  the  weir  end  to  centers  of  boxes. 
The  boxes  shall  be  connected  with  the  inside  of  trough  by  perfora- 
ted pipes,  diameter,  as  shown. 

The  weir  end  of  the  trough  shall  be  closed  with  a y in.  plate, 
stiffened  with  2 x 2 in.  X3.2  lbs.  angles,  as  shown,  and  notched 
with  a rectangular  opening  on  top,  5 ft.  8 in.  x 2 ft.  4 in.  ; this 
opening  shall  be  rimmed  with  three  (3)  plates,  one  horizontal,  4 in. 
x y in.  x 6 ft.,  and  two  (2)  vertical,  4 in.  x ^ in.  x 2 ft.,  riveted 
on  the  outside  with  fillers  2 x y in.,  so  as  to  form  an  inside  shoul- 
der on  bottom  and  sides  of  opening,  y2  in.  deep,  upon  which  the 
brass  plates  of  the  weir  shall  fit. 

These  plates  shall  be  of  hard  brass,  4xT7F  in.  x 5 ft.  8 in.  for 
the  bottom  plate  or  sill,  and  4 x j_7ff  in.  x 1 ft  1 1 in.  for  the  side 
plates ; they  shall  be  chamfered  on  the  edges  next  to  the  weir  open- 
ing; the  chamfered  edges  shall  be  sharp  cornered,  mitre  jointed 
and  dressed  perfectly  true.  The  brass  plates  shall  be  bolted  to  the 
rim  plates  with  fifty-six  (56)  half  inch  bolts,  using  a suitable  gasket 
to  make  a water  tight  joint.  The  bolt  heads  shall  be  counter-sunk 
in  the  brass  plates  so  as  to  leave  no  projections  inside  the  weir. 

BOLTS. 

All  bolts  must  have  well  formed  threads,  heads  and  nuts,  ar.d 
must  completely  fill  the  nuts;  gum  washers  shall  be  used  under  the 
heads  and  nuts,  if  necessary  to  make  water-tight  joints  ; bolt  holes 
must  be  drilled. 

riveting. 

All  rivets  shall  be  y in.  diameter  ; the  pitch  on  joints  designed 
to  hold  water  shall  not  exceed  two  inches. 

Rivet  holes  shall  be  accurately  punched  and  fit  exactly  oppo- 
site to  each  other  without  drifting. 

Rivets  must  completely  fill  their  holes,  and  must  have  well 
shaped  heads. 

caulking. 

All  joints  designed  to  hold  water  shall  be  thoroughly  caulked 
and  made  water-tight. 

The  end  joints  between  rim  plates  on  bulkhead  and  between 
the  rim  plates  of  the  weir  opening  and  between  the  brass  plates  of 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


107 


the  weir  shall,  if  necessary,  be  neatly  filled  with  sodder  to  make 
them  water-tight  and  smooth. 

DRAIN-COCK. 

A brass  drain-cock,  one  inch  in  diameter,  shall  be  fitted  to  the 
bottom  of  trough  near  the  weir  end  to  drain  the  trough. 

PAINTING. 

The  entire  iron  work  shall  be  protected  with  two  (2)  good 
coats  of  approved  black  varnish. 

ERECTION. 

The  weir  trough  shall  be  erected  on  the  timber  frame  work 
prepared  for  it,  and  shall  be  bolted  to  the  bulkhead ; it  must  be 
built  square,  straight  and  level.  In  particular,  the  sill  of  the  weir 
must  be  exactly  level  and  the  sides  exactly  plumb. 

QUALITY  OF  IRON. 

The  iron  must  be  tough,  ductile,  of  fibrous  fracture  and  uniform 
in  quality.  It  shall  stand,  without  breaking,  46,000  lbs.  tensile 
stress  per  square  inch  in  specimens  1 inch,  with  eight  (8)  per 
cent,  elongation  in  12  inches;  it  shall  bend  cold  90  degrees  without 
sign  of  fracture  around  a circle  of  inch  radius. 

The  rivets  and  bolts  shall  bend  cold  flat  on  themselves  without 
sign  of  fracture. 

All  the  iron  shall  be  well  shaped,  smooth,  free  from  injurious 
seams  or  flaws,  blisters,  buckles  and  imperfect  edges. 

PRICE. 

The  price  bid  must  include  the  construction  and  erection  at 
the  influent  well  of  the  north  basin  of  the  Covington  reservoir  of 
the  entire  structure,  (excluding  timbers,  but  including  the  iron  rim 
on  bulkhead)  ready  for  use. 

INSPECTION  AND  SUPERINTENDING. 

All  material  and  workmanship  shall  be  subject  to  the  inspec- 
tion of  the  Chief  Engineer  for  the  Trustees,  or  his  authorized  as- 
sistant; all  material  condemned  by  him  shall  be  replaced  and 
defective  workwanship  corrected ; the  work  must  be  done  to  his 
satisfaction  and  acceptance. 


108 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


FORM  OF  PROPOSAL. 


Having  examined  the  plans  and  specifications  for  the  Iron 
Weir  for  the  Covington  Reservoir,  the  undersigned  hereby  propose 
to  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir  to  construct  and  erect 
said  Weir  in  accordance  with  said  plans  and  specifications,  for  the 
sum  of  Seven  Hundred  and  Thirteen  Dollars,  ($713.00)  and  to 
have  the  structure  completed  and  ready  for  use  on  or  before 
the  Eighteenth  day  of  October,  1890. 


(Signed).  THE  WALTON  ARCHITECTURAL  IRON  CO. 


Per  J.  F.  Walton,  Pres. 


The  foregoing  is  accepted  as  and  for  the  contract  for  the  per- 
formance of  said  work,  September  12th,  1890. 


TRUSTEES  OF  COVINGTON  RESERVOIR. 

By  A.  Shinkle,  Pres. 


Attest : 


James  Spillman,  Sec’y. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir 


109 


EXHIBIT  “I." 

ARTICLES  OF  AGREEMENT 


Entered  into  this  Tenth  day  of  July,  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Ninety, 
between  R.  B.  Turner,  ist  Lieut.  6th  Infantry  A.  A.,  Quarter- 
master United  States  Army,  of  the  first  part,  and  The  Trustees 
of  the  Covington  Reservoir  for  and  on  behalf  of  the  City  of 
Covington,  Kentucky,  of  the  County  of  Kenton,  State  of  Ken 
tucky,  of  the  second  part 

This  Agreement  Witnesseth,  that  the  said  R.  B.  Turner,  ist 
Lieut.  6th  Infantry  A.  A.  Q.  M.  U.  S.  A.,  for  and  in  behalf  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  and  the  said  Trustees  of  Covington  Res- 
ervoir for  and  on  behalf  of  the  said  City  of  Covington  and  its  le- 
gally ordained  Successor  or  Successors,  have  mutually  agreed,  and 
by  these  presents  do  mutually  covenant  and  agree,  to  and  with  each 
other,  as  follows,  viz  : 

Article  I.  That  the  said  United  States  Government,  for 
supplying  Water  to  the  New  Military  Post  and  Barracks  now  being 
established  and  erected  by  the  Government  in  the  Highlands,  New- 
port, Campbell  County,  Kentucky,  from  the  Reservoir  now  being 
constructed  by  said  Trustees  : Agrees  to  construct  a Stand-pipe 
about  twelve  feet  in  diameter  and  one  hundred  feet  high,  on  the 
Government  ground  near  the  influent  tunnel  under  the  Highland 
pike,  furnish  and  lay  all  the  necessary  pipe  in  the  Goverment  grounds 
and  buildings,  and  a six  inch  Supply  Pipe  from  the  Stand-pipe  to 
the  center  of  said  Highland  pike,  in  the  direction  of  said  Reservoir. 
The  said  City  will  furnish  a necessary  pumping  plant  for  re  pump- 
ing water  from  the  Reservoir  to  the  Stand-pipe,  furnish  and  lay  a 
six  inch  pipe  from  said  pumping  plant  to  the  connection  with  the 
Government  supply  pipe,  to  be  laid  as  aforesaid,  and  will  furnish 
all  the  water  required  for  said  Military  Post,  at  the  following  rates 
per  thousand  gallons  : To-wit, 


110 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


For 

a daily  consumption  of 

IO 

000  to 

*5 

000  galls.,  _ . 

— _ 20c. 

< < 

4 t 

4 4 

« i 

15 

000  “ 

20 

000  “ 

— -19c. 

a 

4 4 

44 

i ( 

20 

000  “ 

25 

000  “ _ __ 

__  _i8c. 

i « 

i 4 

44 

< i 

25 

000  “ 

3° 

000  “ 

17c. 

< < 

4 4 

44 

t ( 

3° 

000  “ 

35 

000  “ 

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< < 

4 4 

4 4 

< < 

35 

000  “ 

40 

000  & above,  _ 

1 

1 

1 

1— 1 

<_n 

O 

The  quantity  of  water  supplied  to  the  Government  to  be  de- 
termined by  Meter  Measurement  on  the  Supply  Pipe  from  the  pumps 
to  the  Stand  pipe,  the  Meter  to  be  furnished  and  put  in  place  by  the 
said  City  on  its  own  ground. 

Art.  II.  That  deliveries  on  this  contract  shall,  if  required, 
commence  on  the  first  day  of  August,  Eighteen  Hundred',  and 
Ninety,  provided  that  the  agreement  is  approved  by  the  Quarter- 
master General,  U.  S.  Army ; otherwise,  not  until  such  approval  is 
obtained. 

Art.  III.  That  for  and  in  consideration  of  the  faithful  per- 
formance of  the  stipulations  of  this  agreement,  the  party  of  the 
second  part  shall  be  paid  at  the  office  of  the  Post  Quartermaster, 
at  the  said  new  Post  near  Newport,  Ky.,  as  follows:  Quarterly  at 
the  end  of  each  quarter  beginning  at  the  first  delivery  of  water, 
upon  the  presentation  to  said  Quartermaster,  at  his  Office,  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Water  Works  Commissioners  of  said  City,  of  an 
account  of  water  delivered,  verified  by  the  Meter  register. 

Art.  IV.  That  in  case  of  failure  of  the  said  party  of  the 
second  part  to  comply  with  the  stipulations  of  this  contract  accord- 
ing to  the  true  intent  and  meaning  thereof,  except  in  case  of  una- 
voidable accidents  to  its  pumping  plant  or  force  main  for  supplying 
its  said  Reservoir,  or  to  the  pumping  plant  or  supply  pipe  for  de- 
livering water  into  said  stand  pipe,  the  party  of  the  second  part 
shall  be  liable  to  pay  such  damages  as  the  said  United  States  Gov- 
ernment may  sustain  thereby,  to  be  recovered  by  appropriate  action, 
unless  otherwise  adjusted. 

Art.  V.  Neither  this  contract  nor  any  interest  therein  shall 
be  transfered  by  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  (except  to  its 
legally  constituted  Successors)  to  any  other  party  or  parties,  and  any 
such  transfer  shall  cause  the  annulment  of  the  contract  so  far  as  the 
United  States  is  concerned;  all  rights  of  action,  however,  for  any 
breach  of  this  contract  by  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  are 
reserved  to  the  United  States. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir, :. 


Ill 


Art,  VI.  No  member  or  delegate  to  Congress,  nor  any  per- 
son belonging  to  or  employed  in  the  Military  service  of  the  United 
States,  is  or  shall  be  admitted  to  any  share  or  part  of  this  contract, 
or  to  any  benefit  which  may  arise  herefrom. 

Art.  VII.  This  contract  shall  be  subject  to  approval  of  The 
Quartermaster  General,  U.  S.  Army. 

In  Witness  Whereof,  the  undersigned  have  hereunto  placed 
their  hands  and  seals  the  date  first  hereinbefore  written. 


Witnesses : 


R.  B.  TURNER, 

ist  Lieut.  6th  Infantry  A.  A.  (Seal.) 
Quartermaster,  U.  S.  A. 
Trustees  of  Covington  Reservoir,  by 

A.  SHINKLE,  President.  (Seal.) 
JAMES  SPILMAN,  (Seal.) 
Secretary  Board  of  Trustees. 


H.  P.  YOUNG, 
J.  O’HARA, 


Approved  : 


189-- 


112 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


EXHIBIT  “ K.” 

COVINGTON  NEW  WATERWORKS. 

SPECIFICATIONS  FOR  ENGINE  HOUSE  AND  AQUEDUCT. 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  AND  EXTENT  OF  CONTRACT. 

The  engine  house  shall  be  located  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Ohio 
River,  on  the  land  purchased  by  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington 
Reservoir  from  C.  and  J.  Wilmer,  at  the  end  of  the  pipe  line, 
leading  from  the  reservoir  site  on  the  Moreland  place  in  Campbell 
County,  Ky.,  to  the  Ohio  River. 

The  contract  shall  embrace  the  construction  of  the  house  proper, 
designed  to  contain  the  pumping  engines  and  boilers,  of  the  em- 
bankment approach  to  the  same,  of  a smoke  stack  for  the  boilers, 
of  a well  for  the  pumps,  and  of  an  aqueduct  leading  from  the  pump 
well  to  deep  water  in  the  Ohio  River.  Said  house,  embankment, 
smoke  stack,  well  and  aqueduct,  to  be  completed  in  every  particu- 
lar in  accordance  with  plans  and  specifications  and  the  direction  of 
the  Engineer  and  to  his  satisfaction,  and  to  be  delivered  to  the 
Trustees,  ready  for  the  erection  and  operation  of  the  pumping 
machinery. 

GRADING. 

CLEARING. 

All  trees,  bushes,  driftwood,  and  other  rubbish,  as  well  as  all 
muck,  or  other  materials  deemed  objectionable  by  the  Engineer, 
shall  be  removed  from  the  entire  surface  covered  by  the  fill.  The 
embankment  shall  be  made  in  horizontal  layers  one  foot  thick, 
enough  earth  being  used  with  the  rock  to  fill  completely  all  void 
spaces. 

No  perishable  material  of  any  kind  or  frozen  earth  shall  be  allowed 
in  the  embankment. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


113 


EXCAVATION  FOR  FOUNDATION. 

The  excavation  for  the  foundation  of  the  house,  smoke  stack,  well 
and  aqueduct,  shall  be  carried  down  into  the  solid  strata  of  soap- 
stone and  limestone  to  such  depths  as  the  Engineer  may  direct,  and 
the  bottom  of  the  trenches  or  pits  shall  be  properly  trimmed  and 
stepped,  or  shall  be  leveled  with  concrete,  as  may  be  directed  by 
the  Engineer,  to  receive  the  first  course  of  masonry. 

EMBANKMENT  APPROACH. 

The  space  between  the  engine  house  and  the  track  of  the  Eliza- 
bethtown and  Big  Sandy  Railroad  shall  be  filled  to  the  level  of  the 
railroad  grade  with  the  material  excavated  for  the  foundation,  well 
and  aqueduct ; if  these  excavations  are  not  sufficient  to  make  the 
fill,  the  deficiency  shall  be  supplied  with  material  borrowed  from  the 
Trustees’  grounds  below  the  engine  house. 

ENGINE  HOUSE. 

FOUNDATION  WALLS. 

The  foundation  walls  shall  be  of  the  sizes  and  shapes  shown  on 
the  drawings,  or  otherwise  determined  by  the  Engineer ; they  shall 
be  built  of  even  coursed  stone  masonry  laid  flush  in  hydraulic 
cement  mortar,  the  face  stones  shall  be  rock  faced  with  hammer- 
dressed  beds  and  joints  ; they  shall  not  be  less  than  six  inches  thick, 
and  shall  measure  not  less  than  four  square  feet  on  their  beds.  The 
joints  shall  be  square  with  the  face  and  beds  and  shall  extend  not 
less  than  eight  inches  from  the  face.  They  shall  break  joints  not 
less  than  eight  inches,  the  masonry  shall  be  thoroughly  bonded,  not 
less  than  one-third  of  the  face  stones  being  headers. 

All  joints  and  beds  must  be  thoroughly  filled  with  mortar,  there 
shall  be  no  void  spaces  in  the  masonry.  No  spalls  shall  be  allowed 
in  the  joints  and  beds,  and  the  same  must  not  exceed  ^4  inches  in 
thickness. 

The  stones  for  the  capping  course  shall  be  twelve  inches  thick, 
and  shall  be  of  the  entire  width  of  course.  They  shall  have  ham- 
mer-dressed joints  throughout. 

The  space  between  the  masonry  and  the  sides  of  the  excavation 
for  foundations  shall  be  filled  with  the  material  excavated,  well 
rammed  in,  or  with  concrete,  where  the  same  is  required  by  the 
Engineer. 


114 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


The  foundation  walls  shall  have  openings  left  through  them  at 
such  places  and  of  such  sizes  as  the  Engineer  shall  direct,  to  allow 
for  the  ingress  and  egress  of  the  river  water  at  high  stages. 

All  face  work  shall  be  neatly  pointed  with  rich  cement  mortar. 

BRICK  WALLS. 

The  outside  walls  shall  be  17  inches  thick  in  the  body,  with  in- 
side and  outside  pilasters  spaced,  as  shown  on  plans. 

The  partition  wall  between  the  engine  and  the  boiler  rooms  shall 
be  13  inches  thick. 

All  walls  shall  be  built  with  sound,  hard  burnt  brick,  soaked  in 
water  immediately  before  being  used,  and  laid  flush  in  good  lime 
mortar.  All  the  joints  to  be  full  of  mortar  and  not  to  exceed  y £ 
inch  in  thickness.  The  walls  shall  be  thoroughly  bonded,  every 
seventh  course  being  of  headers. 

No  bat,  except  for  closures,  or  salmon  brick,  shall  be  allowed  in 
any  part  of  the  walls.  Every  course  shall  be  level  throughout.  All 
the  walls  shall  be  carried  up  together  on  the  same  level,  and  shall 
be  straight  and  plumb.  All  centers  needed  shall  be  made  and  the 
arches  turned  perfectly  true.  All  flues  shall  be  neatly  and  smoothly 
pargeted  with  good  mortar  and  thoroughly  cleaned.  Windows  and 
door  sills  and  coin  blocks  for  the  door  hinges,  of  the  best  quality  of 
limestone  or  freestone  and  of  the  sizes  and  shapes  shown  on  the 
drawings,  shall  be  provided  and  properly  set  in  place  by  the  con- 
tractor. 

All  brick  walls  shall  be  neatly  pointed  inside  and  out. 

FLOOR. 

The  floor  shall  be  constructed  of  9 inch  I beams,  spaced  3 feet 
from  centers  and  supported  at  intervals  by  plate  girders  or  stone 
walls,  as  the  Engineer  may  deem  best.  The  spaces  between  the  I 
beams  shall  be  filled  with  brick  arches,  built  as  shown  on  drawings, 
with  hard  paving  bricks  laid  flush  and  close  in  good  lime  mortar, 
centers  to  be  carefully  made  and  set.  The  I beams  shall  be 
thoroughly  tied  together  and  to  the  side  walls  with  iron  rods  one 
inch  in  diameter,  six  feet  from  centers,  imbedded  in  the  brick  arch- 
ing and  anchored  to  the  side  walls  with  approved  wrought  iron 
washers.  On  each  brick  arch,  parallel  with  the  I beam,  lay  two 
strips  of  yellow  pine,  4 inches  wide,  fitting  the  extrados  of  arch  and 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


115 


high  enough  to  reach  level  of  top  of  I beams ; then  fill  and  back  up 
arch  with  concrete  well  rammed  in.  In  engine  room  lay  i x/2  inch 
matched  flooring  of  yellow  pine,  not  more  than  4 inches  wide, 
breaking  joints,  and  blind-nailed  to  the  under  strip,  swith  smooth 
finish. 

In  boiler  room  lay  paving  bricks  in  good  hydraulic  cement  mortar 
with  close  joints  and  smooth  finish.  (*) 

ROOF. 

The  roof  shall  be  framed  as  shown  in  drawings,  each  truss  to 
have  1^2  inch  camber  and  to  rest  on  wall  plates,  14  feet  x 18  feet 
x 30  feet,  of  white  oak. 

Purlins  to  be  lap-jointed  over  trusses  and  held  by  shoulder  blocks 
well  secured  to  the  same  with  lag-screws  of  approved  length. 

Rafters  shall  be  spiked  to  each  purlin.  Sheathing  shall  be  of 
sound  matched  boards,  one  inch  thick,  surfaced,  free  of  loose  knots 
and  holes  and  blind-nailed  to  every  rafter. 

Make  gutters  perfect  with  proper  falls.  The  roofing  shall  be  of 
the  best  quality  of  Vermont  or  Virginia  slate,  10x20  inches,  ^ inch 
thick,  carefully  gauged  and  machine  punched,  each  slate  nailed  with 
two  composition  nails,  heads  countersunk  in  slate  and  slate  to  lay  8 
inches  to  the  weather.  (1 2)  The  crest  and  hips  of  roof  shall  be  neatly 
finished  with  No.  20  galvanized  iron  of  best  quality,  painted  on  un- 
der side  with  two  coats  of  best  ironclad  paint,  and  well  secured  to 
the  sheathing. 

Flashings  of  the  best  leaded  roofing  tin  X.  I.  M.  F.  brand, 
secured  in  the  most  approved  manner,  shall  make  a perfect  and 
water-tight  protection. 

GUTTERS  AND  DOWN  SPOUTS. 

The  gutter  shall  be  lined  with  the  same  quality  of  tin  as  above. 
The  tin  shall  reach  beyond  the  first  lap  of  slate,  and  shall  run  over 
and  turn  down  over  edge  of  gutter.  All  tin  must  be  soldered  on 
both  sides  and  painted  on  the  under  side  with  two  coats  of  best 
iron-clad  paint. 

The  down  spouts  shall  be  of  No.  22  galvanized  iron  of  best 
quality,  and  shall  make  a perfect  and  water-tight  connection  with 

1 Changed  to  concrete,  with  cement  covering. 

2 Iron  roofing  was  substituted  for  slate. 


116 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


gutters.  They  shall  be  well  secured  to  the  walls  with  approved 
wrought  iron  fastenings.  The  down  spout  in  front  of  the  building 
shall  discharge  into  a six  inch  vitrified  stoneware  pipe,  laid  in  cement, 
2 feet  below  the  top  surface  of  fill  and  leading  the  drain  water  to  the 
foot  of  the  down  stream  slope  of  fill. 

WINDOWS. 

All  windows  shall  be  box-framed  ; the  frame  shall  be  2^  inches 
and  the  sash  2 inches  thick  ; use  best  axle  pullies  and  chords,  and 
approved  weights  for  all  sashes.  All  sashes  to  be  framed,  finished 
and  hung  in  the  best  manner.  The  lower  half  of  sash  must  be  well 
balanced,  made  to  slide  easily  and  fitted  with  approved  spring  lock 
and  strong  brass  hook  lifts.  All  glazing  must  be  done  in  the  best 
manner,  bedded,  sprigged  and  back  puttied.  All  window  sashes 
and  transoms  shall  be  glazed  with  the  best  Pittsburg  glass,  free  from 
color,  bubbles,  waves  and  other  defects. 

DOORS. 

The  doors  and  transoms  shall  be  made  in  accordance  with 
detail  drawings,  and  provided  with  required  fastenings.  Frames  to 
be  of  clear  white  pine,  ceiled  with  the  best  seasoned  common 
ceiling.  Provide  wicket  door  with  good  lock.  All  doors  shall  fit 
well  and  work  easily.  The  hinges  of  the  large  doors  shall  be  set 
in  lead  in  the  coin  blocks. 

FRAMING. 

All  framing  must  be  done  to  a close  fit  and  in  a thorough  and 
workmanlike  manner.  No  open  joints  or  filling  shims  will  be 
allowed. 

PAINT. 

Doors,  windows,  cornices,  and  all  outside  wood-work  shall  be 
painted  with  three  coats  of  best  white  lead  mixed  with  boiled  lin- 
seed oil  and  approved  colored  pigment.  All  inside  painting  shall 
be  finished  with  two  coats  of  best  varnish.  Flashing,  gutters,  crest- 
ings,  down  spouts,  and  all  metal  work  about  the  building  shall  be 
painted  with  three  coats  of  the  best  ironclad  paint  mixed  in  boiled 
linseed  oil. 

SMOKE  STACK. 

The  smoke  stack  shall  be  built  in  accordance  with  plans 
furnished.  The  foundation  below  the  floor  level  of  the  building 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservir. 


117 


shall  be  of  stone  masonry  and  concrete  of  the  same  character  as 
specified  for  the  foundation  walls  of  the  house,  capped  with  a belt- 
ing course,  as  shown.  Above  the  floor  level  the  stack  shall  be  built 
of  hard-burned  brick,  laid  in  good  lime  mortar,  the  same  as  speci- 
fied for  the  brick  walls  of  the  house, — the  thickness  of  wall  shall 
decrease  from  bottom  to  top  of  shaft,  by  steps,  as  shown.  The 
shaft  shall  be  built  plum,  with  uniform  batter  and  true  circular  sec- 
tions, as  shown.  It  shall  connect  through  an  arch  way,  as  shown, 
with  the  interior  of  the  boiler  room,  to  receive  the  end  of  the  smoke 
box.  A wrought  iron  door,  as  per  detail  drawing,  shall  give  access 
to  the  ash  pit  for  the  purpose  of  cleaning  the  same.  The  stack  shall 
be  capped  with  an  approved  cast  iron  top,  and  shall  be  provided 
with  an  outside  iron  ladder,  as  shown.  (3)  It  shall  be  cleaned, 
when  finished,  and  thoroughly  pointed  inside  and  out. 

WELL. 

The  excavation  for  the  well  shall  be  of  the  size  laid  out  by  the 
Engineer ; it  shall  be  carried  down  vertically,  and  to  the  depth  re- 
quired : — it  is  intended  that  the  bottom  of  well,  when  finished,  shall 
be  9 feet  below  extreme  low-water  mark  in  the  river.  The  walls 
shall  be  of  the  thickness  and  shape  required  for  the  support  of  the 
engines  and  pumps.  The  character  of  the  masonry  shall  be  the 
$ me  generally,  as  specified  for  the  foundation  walls  of  the  house, 
but  the  capping  courses  for  the  seats  of  the  engines  and  pumps  shall 
be  2 feet  thick,  and  the  stones  for  the  same  of  such  lengths  and 
widths  as  may  be  required. 

All  anchor  rods  for  the  engines  and  pumps  shall  be  furnished  by 
the  engine  builder,  but  shall  be  put  in  the  masonry  by  the  contractor 
according  to  template  and  directions  of  the  Engineer. 

The  space  between  the  sides  of  the  rock  excavation  and  the 
back  side  of  walls  shall  be  made  as  small  as  practicable  and 
thoroughly  packed  with  concrete.  The  bottom  of  the  well  shall  be 
concreted  and  finished  with  a coating  of  rich  Portland  cement  mor- 
tar of  sufficient  thickness  to  cover  all  the  stones  and  make  a smooth 
finish. 

The  down  stream  wall  of  well  shall  have  a 6 inch  cast  iron  pipe 
built  through  it,  extending  to  the  outside  of  the  house,  and  pro- 


The  ladder  was  built  inside  the  stack. 


118 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


vided  with  a stop  valve,  to  serve  as  a discharge  when  the  well  is  be- 
ing pumped  out. 

Wooden  stairways  with  hand  rails,  leading  from  the  engine 
room  floor  to  the  bottom  of  well,  shall  be  built  as  directed,  and 
strongly  secured  to  the  well  walls.  (4) 

AQUEDUCT. 

The  aqueduct,  connecting  the  pump  well  with  the  river,  shall 
have  a circular  section  4 feet  in  diameter  in  the  clear,  the  bottom  of 
the  aqueduct,  where  it  enters  the  well  shall  be  3 feet  above  the  bot- 
tom of  well,  and  is  intended  to  be  6 feet  below  extreme  low  water 
mark  in  the  river.  The  aqueduct  shall  be  straight,  and  shall  have  a 
uniform  descending  grade  from  the  well  towards  the  river,  of  6 
inches  in  100  feet;  it  shall  be  built  in  tunnel  for  a distance  of  about 
120  feet,  and  in  open  cut,  protected  by  a cofferdam,  for  the  re- 
mainder of  its  length. 

The  circular  arch  of  the  aqueduct  shall  be  made  of  two  con- 
centric rings  of  hard  paving  brick,  laid  flush  in  hydraulic  cement 
mortar,  each  line  of  brick  breaking  joints  with  the  line  adjoining  it. 
All  joints  shall  be  close,  not  exceeding  ]/2  inch  in  thickness,  and 
thorougnly  filled  with  mortar,  the  arch  shall  be  a true  circle,  straight, 
and  finished  with  a smooth  inside  coating  of  rich  Portland  cement 
mortar  yf,  inches  thick,  applied  after  a thorough  cleaning  of  the 
intrados. 

The  arch  shall  be  finished  at  both  ends  with  ring  stones  of 
approved  sizes,  hammer  dressed  on  all  faces  and  joints,  and  well 
bonded  with  the  brick  arch. 

The  tunnel  part  of  the  aqueduct  shall  be  excavated  as  closely 
as  practicable  to  the  extrados  of  the  brick  arch,  and  the  space  be- 
tween the  rock  and  the  masonry  shall  be  thoroughly  filled  with  con 
Crete  or  cement  mortar.  The  exact  point  where  “ aqueduct  in  tun- 
nel” shall  end,  and  “aqudeduct  in  open  cut”  shall  begin,  shall  be 
determined  by  the  Engineer.  The  part  of  the  aqueduct  built  in 
open  cut,  into  the  river,  shall  be  protected  with  side  walls  and  a 
capping  course  of  ashlars  in  cement,  as  shown  in  drawings. 

The  stones  in  the  side  walls  shall  not  be  less  than  12  inches 
thick,  and  average  not  less  than  30  inches  in  width.  They  shall 
have  hammer-dressed  beds  and  joints — the  joints  extending  not  less 


4 The  stairways  were  built  of  iron. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


119 


than  12  inches  from  the  face;  they  shall  break  joints  not  less  than 
12  inches.  The  capping  course  shall  be  24  inches  thick,  the  stones 
shall  have  hammer  dressed  beds  and  joints  throughout,  and  shall  be 
thoroughly  clamped  together  with  approved  iron  clamps  countersunk 
in  stones  and  set  in  lead.  The  end  face  wall  shall  be  shaped  as 
shown  in  drawings;  the  face  of  capping  and  footing  courses  and 
the  vertical  grooves  in  the  side  walls  shall  be  dressed  with  the  bush 
hammer. 

The  space  between  the  brick  arch  and  the  side  walls  and  cap- 
ping course  shall  be  filled  with  concrete,  well  rammed  in.  All 
spaces  between  the  rock  excavation  and  the  masonry  shall  also  be 
filled  with  concrete. 

IRON  GRATING  AND  SLUICE  GATE. 

An  iron  screen,  built  in  accordance  with  detail  drawings,  shall 
be  provided  and  put  in  place  by  the  contractor  at  the  river  end  of 
the  aqueduct. 

The  well  end  of  the  aqueduct  shall  be  provided  with  a sluice- 
gate, to  be  worked  from  the  engine  floor.  This  gate  and  its  ap- 
pendages shall  be  furnished  by  the  Trustees,  but  shall  be  properly 
set  in  position,  ready  for  operation  by  the  contractor.  The  coffer- 
dam and  all  temporary  work  used  for  the  construction  of  “ aque- 
duct in  open  cut  ” shall  be  removed  by  the  contractors  at  such  time 
as  the  Engineer  shall  direct. 

MATERIALS. 

STONE. 

The  stone  shall  be  compact  limestone  or  hard  sandstone  of  the 
best  quality,  and  approved  by  the  Engineer. 

BRICK. 

The  brick  shall  be  hard  burnt,  well  tempered,  of  good  form, 
free  of  lime  and  cracks,  and  acceptable  to  the  Engineer ; they  shall 
be  soaked  in  water  immediately  before  using. 

CEMENT. 

The  cement  shall  be  equal  to  the  best  quality  of  Louisville  hy- 
draulic cement,  and  shall  stand  without  breaking  a tensile  stress  of 
100  pounds  per  square  inch  in  briquettes,  seven  days  old.  It  shall 
not  swell  nor  crack  in  the  process  of  hardening. 


120 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


The  Portland  cement  shall  stand  without  breaking  a tensile 
stress  of  300  pounds  per  square  inch  in  briquettes,  seven  days  old. 
All  cement  shall  be  properly  cooled  and  air- slacked  before  used. 

LIME. 

The  lime  shall  be  of  the  best  quality  of  fresh  fat  lime ; it  shall 
be  free  of  silica,  magnesia  and  allumina,  in  sufficient  quantity  to  in- 
jure its  qualities  as  a fat  lime ; it  shall  slack  freely  in  water;  it  shall 
be  allowed  to  stand  at  least  two  days  in  a slacked  form,  and  shall  be 
screened  before  used. 

SAND. 

The  sand  shall  be  clean,  sharp  river  sand,  of  the  degree  of 
coarseness  suitable  to  each  kind  of  work. 

MORTAR. 

Cement  and  lime  mortar  shall  generally  be  composed  of  one 
measure  of  cement  or  lime  and  two  measures  of  sand,  well  mixed 
with  clean  water  in  clean  mortar  boxes. 

The  cement  mortar  shall  be  used  immediately  after  mixing. 
Different  proportions  of  sand  and  cement,  or  lime,  shall  be  used 
when  required  by  the  Engineer. 

CONCRETE. 

Concrete  shall  be  composed,  by  actual  measurement,  of  four 
measures  of  broken  stone,  of  uniform  size,  measuring  not  more  than 
two  inches  in  any  direction,  free  of  clay,  and  well  screened — two 
measures  of  sand  and  one  measure  of  cement,  all  well  mixed  in  a 
concrete  mixer  or  on  a clean  plank  bed,  and  well  rammed  in  place 
in  layers  as  directed  by  the  Engineer. 

TIMBER. 

All  timber  must  be  of  the  best  quality  of  the  kind  specified, 
sawed  true  and  out  of  wind,  full  size,  free  of  wind  shakes,  large  or 
loose  knots,  worm  holes,  sap,  or  any  defect  impairing  its  strength  or 
durability. 

IRON. 

All  wrought  iron  shall  be  tough,  ductile,  uniform  in  quality, 
and  shall  have  a tensile  strength  of  not  less  than  50,000  pounds  per 
square  inch  with  elongation  of  15  per  cent,  for  rods  and  rolled 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


121 


shapes,  and  a tensile  strength  of  not  less  than  48,000  pounds  per 
square  inch,  with  elongation  of  10  per  cent,  for  plates  over  24 
inches  wide.  Cast  iron  shall  be  of  the  best  quality  of  tough,  gray 
metal ; it  shall  have  a tensile  strength  of  not  less  than  20,000 
pounds  per  square  inch.  Castings  shall  be  smooth,  well  shaped, 
free  from  air  holes,  cracks,  cinders,  and  other  imperfections. 

GENERAL  CONDITIONS. 

PROGRESS  OF  WORK. 

. All  work  shall  be  proceeded  with  in  such  order  as  the  Engineer 
shall  direct.  The  rate  of  progress  at  all  times  must  be  such  as  to 
insure  its  completion  within  the  limit  of  time  specified.  Should  the 
same  appear  insufficient  in  the  opinion  of  the  Engineer,  he  shall 
have  the  right  to  order  such  increase  in  the  working  force  as  he 
may  think  necessary. 

SUBLETTING  AND  TRANSFERS. 

The  contractor  shall  not  sublet,  assign  or  transfer  this  contract 
or  any  part  thereof  to  any  person  or  persons  without  the  consent  of 
the  Trustees. 

COMPETENT  WORKMEN. 

He  shall  give  his  personal  supervision  to  the  work  and  shall 
employ  competent  workmen  and  experienced  mechanics  skilled  in 
the  several  works  assigned  to  them.  He  shall  immediately  dis- 
charge on  request  of  the  Engineer  any  of  his  employes  considered 
by  said  Engineer  as  incompetent  or  disorderly,  and  shall  not  again 
employ  him  upon  the  works. 

ORDERS  CONCERNING  THE  WORK. 

In  the  absence  of  the  contractor  from  the  work,  the  Engineer 
shall  give  his  orders  respecting  the  work  to  whomsoever  may  be  in 
charge  of,  or  executing  the  same,  and  said  orders  shall  be  respected 
and  obeyed. 

CHANGES. 

The  Trustees  shall  have  the  right  to  make,  without  violating 
this  contract,  any  changes  in  location,  form,  dimensions  and  quan- 
tities of  the  work  as  the  interest  of  the  city  of  Covington  may  in 
their  judgment  require,  and  the  Engineer  shall  estimate  and  de- 
termine the  amounts  which  should  fairly  and  equitably,  on  account 
of  such  changes,  be  deducted  from  or  added  to  the  amounts  which 


122 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


would  otherwise  be  due  to  the  contractor,  had  such  changes  never 
been  made,  and  the  amounts  so  determined  by  the  Engineer  shall 
be  accepted  by  the  contractor  without  any  claim  for  anticipated 
profits  on  the  work  that  may  be  dispensed  with. 

EXTRA  WORK. 

The  value  of  any  extra  work  shall  be  likewise  estimated  and  de- 
termined by  the  Engineer.  No  claim  for  extra  work  shall  be  made 
or  allowed  unless  the  work  shall  have  been  done  in  compliance 
with  a written  order  from  the  Trustees  or  the  Engineer. 

All  claims  for  extra  work  shall  be  made  in  writing  before  the 
payment  of  the  succeeding  estimate  after  the  work  is  performed. 
Failing  to  make  such  claim,  the  same  shall  be  considered  as  aban- 
doned by  the  contractor. 

REJECTED  MATERIAL. 

The  contractor  shall  promptly  remove  all  rejected  material  to 
such  distance  as  may  in  the  judgment  of  the  Engineer  be  sufficient 
to  prevent  it  being  used  in  the  work. 

DEFECTIVE  WORK. 

All  defective  work  shall  be  promptly  taken  down  by  the  con- 
tractor on  orders  from  the  Engineer  to  that  effect,  and  rebuilt  pro- 
perly at  his  own  expense. 

SUSPENSION  OF  WORK. 

The  contractor  shall,  without  any  claim  for  damage  or  extra 
compensation,  suspend  the  work  when  he  shall  be  ordered  to  do  so 
by  the  Engineer,  by  reason  of  inclement  weather  or  for  other  causes. 

EXTENSION  OF  CONTRACT  TIME. 

But  if  the  work  be  delayed  by  any  act  of  the  Trustees  contra- 
ry to  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of  this  contract,  he  shall  be  en- 
titled to  a reasonable  extension  of  time  for  the  completion  of  his 
work,  and  the  Engineer  shall  estimate  and  determine  the  length  of 
such  extension,  but  the  contractor  shall  have  no  claim  for  damages 
on  account  of  such  delays. 

MASONRY  IN  FREEZING  WEATHER. 

No  masonry  shall  be  laid  in  freezing  weather. 

LIABILITIES  AND  RISKS. 

The  contractor  assumes  all  risks,  arising  from  the  weather, 
floods,  and  casualties  of  all  kinds.  He  shall  pay  all  damages  to 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


123 


persons  and  properdes  and  repair  at  his  own  cost  all  damages  that 
may  occur  to  the  work  until  it  is  completed  entirely  and  accepted 
by  the  Engineer. 

He  shall  further  mantain  at  his  own  cost  all  parts  of  the  work 
in  a good  perfect  condition  for  a period  of  six  months  after  its  ac- 
ceptance by  the  Engineer. 

ERECTION  OF  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS. 

The  Trustees  shall  have  the  right  to  commence  and  proceed 

with  the  erection  of  the  pumping  engines  and  boilers  from 

1888,  regardless  of  the  unfinished  condition  of  the  work  at  that 
date,  and  the  contractor  shall  have  no  claim  for  damages  on  that 
account. 

SPECIFICATIONS  DEFINED. 

The  meaning  and  intent  of  these  specifications  and  contract 
shall  be  defined  by  the  Engineer  and  his  decision  thereon  shall  be 
final  and  binding  upon  both  parties  thereto. 

ENGINEER  DEFINED 

Wherever  the  word  “Engineer’’  is  mentioned  in  this  contract  it 
shall  be  taken  to  mean  the  Chief  Engineer  for  the  Trustees. 

CONVICT  LABOR. 

No  convict  labor  shall  be  employed  on  the  work. 

PRICES  AND  MEASUREMENTS. 

Bidders  must  put  in  a price  for  every  item  of  work  named  in 
the  form  of  proposals  furnished  to  them. 

There  shall  be  no  classification  of  material  in  the  embankment. 
The  price  to  be  paid  shall  include  clearing,  trimming,  hauling  and 
all  other  items  of  expenses  connected  with  the  construction  of  the 
embankment. 

All  classes  of  masonry,  except  the  brick  work  in  the  house  and 
stack  above  foundation  walls,  shall  be  paid  for  by  the  cubic  yard, 
measuring  the  actual  quantity  of  each  class  of  work. 

The  prices  to  be  paid  shall  include  all  excavation,  bailing,  pump- 
ing, centering,  shoring,  scaffolding,  stairways,  cofferdams  and  all 
other  items  of  expense  necessary  or  incidental  to  the  work. 


124 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


The  measurement  of  “ aqueduct  in  tunnel  ” for  pa)  ment  shall 
be  the  actual  length  of  tunnel  from  the  inside  face  of  masonry  in 
the  well  to  the  face  of  excavation  for  “ aqueduct  in  open  cut.” 

The  price  to  be  paid  shall  include  all  excavation  in  tunnel,  con- 
crete packing,  Portland  cement  coating,  temporary  supports,  cen- 
tering, bailing,  pumping  and  all  other  items  of  expense  necessary  or 
incidental  to  the  work. 

The  price  to  be  paid  for  the  smoke  stack  above  the  foundation, 
walls  shall  be  for  the  stack  complete,  including  the  ash  pit  door,  cap 
and  iron  ladder  and  all  other  items  of  expense  necessary  or  inci- 
dental to  the  work. 

The  prices  to  be  paid  for  the  house  above  foundation  walls 
shall  be  for  the  house  complete,  including  all  stone,  brick,  wood 
andiron  work,  as  well  as  doors,  windows,  roofing,  guttering,  glazing, 
painting  and  other  work  necessary  or  incidental  to  the  construction 
of  the  house  in  a complete  state  and  ready  for  use. 

The  prices  to  be  paid  for  timber,  iron  and  masonry  in  the  floor 
of  the  building  and  for  iron  in  the  screen  and  clamps  for  the  aque- 
duct shall  be  for  the  actual  quantity  of  these  several  materials  used 
and  left  in  a finished  state  in  the  completed  structures,  including 
scaffolding,  centering,  painting,  countersinking,  lead  setting  and  all 
other  items  of  expense  necessary  or  incidental  to  the  work. 

The  price  to  be  paid  for  the  setting  of  the  sluice  gate  at  the 
well  end  of  the  aqueduct  shall  be  for  the  setting  of  the  gate  and  all 
its  appendages  in  a complete  and  good  working  condition,  including 
all  items  of  expense  necessary  or  incidental  thereto. 

The  prices  to  be  paid  for  stoneware  drain  pipe  shall  be  for  the 
actual  measured  length  of  pipe  laid  and  shall  include  excavation, 
laying  with  cement,  back-filling  and  all  other  items  of  expense 
necessary  or  incidental  to  the  work. 

FORM  OF  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  CONSTRUCTION  OF 
ENGINE  HOUSE  AND  AQUEDUCT. 

The  Undersigned  Hereby  Certif that • 

personally  and  carefully  examined  the  grounds  and  site  for  the  pro- 
posed engine  house  and  aqueduct  for  the  city  of  Covington,  Ky., 

on  the  Ohio  river,  in  Campbell  Co.,  Ky.,  also  that 

carefully  examined  the  plans  and  sections  for  the  same,  and  care- 
fully read  the  annexed  specifications  and  form  of  contract.  Having 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir . 


125 


made  such  examinations,  the  undersigned  hereby  proposes  to  the 
Trustees  of  the  Covington  reservoir  to  construct  and  complete  said 
engine  house  and  aqueduct,  as  the  also  embankment  approach,  and  a 
smoke  stack  for  the  same,  and  to  do  all  work  specified  according  to 
the  conditions  and  specifications  aforesaid,  and  on  the  acceptance  of 

this  proposal  hereby  bind to  enter  into  and  execute 

the  contract  for  the  work  at  the  following  prices. 

These  prices  are  to  be  in  full  compensation  for  performing  the 
said  work  and  for  guaranteeing  their  permanency  and  durability  as 
provided  in  the  contract  and  specifications. 

PRICES. 

(i.)  Embankment  in  approach, per 

cubic  yard  - - $ 

(2.)  Stone  masonry  in  well  and  foundation 

walls  of  building  and  stack, per 

cubic  yard,  - 

(3.)  Concrete  in  well  and  foundation  walls 

.of  building  and  stack, per  cubic 

yard, 

(4.)  Aqueduct  in  tunnel, per  lineal  foot  - 

f (5.)  Stone  masonry  per  cubic  yard, - 

J (6.)  Brick  arch,  “ “ “ - 

| (7.)  Concrete,  “ “ “ - 

^ (8.)  Iron  in  screens  and  clamps,  per  lb 

(9  ) Smoke-stack  above  foundation  walls, 
complete,  - 

(10.)  Iron  in  Plate  girders,  I beams,  rods 
etc.,  per  lb.,  - 

I ( 1 1 .)  Brick  arches,  per  cubic  yard, 

J (12.)  Concrete  filling, “ “ “ - 

[ (13.)  Timber,  per  1000.  ft  b.m. 

(14.)  House  above  foundation  walls,  com- 
plete, ------ 

(15.)  Setting  of  sluice  gate  and  appendages 
at  well  end  of  aqueduct, 

(16.)  Six  inch  vertified  stoneware  pipe,  laid 
complete, per  lineal  ft. 


Aqueduct 

in 

open  cut. 


Floor. 


Signature  : 
Address  : . 


126 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


EXHIBIT  “ L.” 


GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS 

FOR  PUMPING  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS  FOR  THE 
NEW  COVINGTON  WATER  WORKS. 


GENERAL  DATA. 

The  pump  house  will  be  located  on  the  South  bank  of  the  Ohio 
River  and  the  water  forced  over  the  top  of  the  Highland  ridge,  is  to 
be  delivered  into  reservoirs  built  on  the  South  slope  of  the  ridge. 


Elevation  of  Engine  and  boiler  floor  of  engine  house 

above  low  water ft- 

Horizontal  distance  of  engine  house  to  apex  of  force  pipe  3141 1 ft. 
Horizontal  distance  from  apex  of  force  pipe  to  outlet  of 

reservoir 670  ft. 

Vertical  lift  from  low  water  to  apex  of  force  pipe 37^tc  ft- 

Vertical  fall  from  apex  of  force  pipe  to  highest  water  level  in 

reservoir 12^  ft. 

Diameter  of  force  pipe  from  engine  house  to  apex  of  pipe  30  inches 
Diameter  of  delivery  pipe  from  apex  of  pipe  to  outlet  in 

reservoir 30  inches 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  AND  CHARACTER  OF  PLANS  REQUIRED. 

The  plant  shall  consist  generally  of  two  pumping  engines  of  the 
capacity  of  five  million  U.  S.  standard  gallons  per  24  hours  each, 
and  of  the  necessary  boilers  to  operate  both  together  at  a normal 
working  pressure  of  100  lbs.  of  steam  in  the  boilers. 

The  arrangement  of  the  machinery  shall  be  such  as  to  allow  the 
engines  to  be  worked  singly  or  jointly.  The  character  of  the  plant 
shall  be  first-class  in  every  particular,  both  as  to  workmanship  and 
as  to  the  kind  and  quality  of  material  used.  Special  regard  shall  be 
had  in  providing  all  possible  facilities  for  the  convenient  inspection 
and  repair  of  all  parts  subject  to  wear.  The  engines  and  pumps  shall 
be  duplicates  of  each  other,  all  parts  being  made  interchangeable  as 
far  as  practicable. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


127 


All  other  things  being  equal  preference  will  be  given  to  sim- 
plicity of  design. 

CAPACITY  AND  DUTY. 

Each  pumping  engine  working  either  singly  or  jointly  with  the 
normal  pressure  of  ioo  lbs.  of  steam  in  the  boilers  shall  deliver 
water  in  the  reservoir  at  the  rate  of  5,000,000  U.  S.  standard  gal- 
lons in  24  hours  with  a consumption  of  coal  not  exceeding  18,000 
lbs.  in  24  hours  when  the  level  of  water  in  the  river  is  385  feet  be- 
low the  center  of  force  pipe  at  the  apex  on  the  hill.  The  consump- 
tion shall  be  proportionally  less  as  the  water  in  the  river  rises  above 
the  datum  referred  to. 


FACTOR  OF  SAFETY. 

The  machinery  shall  be  strongly  and  substantially  built.  All 
parts  subject  to  strain  from  the  water  pressure  shall  be  proportioned 
with  a factor  of  safety  not  less  than  10  and  all  provisions  shall  be 
made  that  is  possible  to  reduce  vibration  in  all  the  working  parts. 

The  boilers  shall  be  tested  with  a hydraulic  pressure  of  not  less 
than  300  lbs.  per  square  inch. 

PRICE. 

The  price  bid  must  include  all  the  necessary  pipes,  valves  and 
connections  inside  of  the  pump  house  as  well  as  feed  pumps,  air 
pumps,  revolution  counters,  steam  pressure  and  vacuum  gauges,  lu- 
bricators, cranes,  wrenches  and  other  tools  necessary  for  the  hand- 
ling of  parts  in  repairing,  and  all  other  expenses  necessary  or  inci- 
dental to  the  construction,  erection  and  maintainance  of  the  plant 
in  complete  working  order  until  its  acceptance  by  the  engineer  for 
the  Trustees,  after  its  final  test,  as  hereinafter  described,  have  proved 
satisfactory. 

PLANS  AND  SPECIFICATIONS. 

Contractors  must  submit  with  their  proposal  general  plans  of 
the  machinery  and  boilers,  drawn  to  the  scale  of  one-half  inch  to 
the  foot  with  a complete  description  specific  as  to  the  kind  of  mate- 
rial used  and  the  size  of  all  working  parts,  and  all  detail  drawings 
necessary  for  a clear  understanding  of  the  strength  and  operation  of 
the  machinery. 

The  plans  and  specifications,  after  they  have  been  approved  by 
the  engineer  for  the  Trustees,  shall  be  incorporated  to  and  become 


128 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


a part  of  the  contract  and  no  change  or  modification  shall  be  made 
thereto  without  the  formal  consent  of  the  Trustees  and  approval  of 
the  engineer. 

inspection. 

The  entire  work  of  construction  and  erection  shall  be  subject 
to  the  inspection  of  the  engineer  for  the  Trustees,  or  a special  in- 
spector appointed  by  him  and  shall  be  done  to  his  satisfaction.  All 
necessary  facilities  for  the  inspection  of  the  work  and  for  the  tests 
of  the  materials  to  be  used  shall  be  furnished  by  the  contractor  free 
of  charge. 

TESTS. 

After  a period  of  ninety  days  operation  the  final  tests  for  duty 
shall  be  made  in  the  following  manner  : 

ist.  Both  pumping  engines  shall  be  worked  simultaneously  in 
normal  condition  with  a steam  pressure  of  ioo  lbs.  to  the  square 
inch  in  the  boiler,  and  a rate  of  delivery  into  the  reservoir  not  less 
than  ten  million  gallons  in  24  hours  for  a period  of  not  less  than  48 
hours. 

The  coal  consumed  shall  be  carefully  weighed.  The  quantity 
of  water  shall  be  carefully  measured  over  a weir  at  the  reservoir  and 
an  accurate  record  shall  be  kept  of  the  elevation  of  the  water  in  the 
river  during  the  test. 

2nd.  A similar  test  shall  be  made  with  each  engine  working 
singly  in  normal  condition  with  100  lbs.  steam  pressure  in  the  boilers. 

The  coal  used  shall  be  the  run  of  the  mine,  ordinary  quality 
Pittsburgh  coal. 

PAYMENT. 

During  the  progress  of  the  work  (on  the  contractors  executing 
bond  to  the  Trustees,  with  two  good  sureties,  to  their  satisfaction, 
in  the  sum  equal  to  twenty  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  the  work  to  be 
done)  quarterly  payments  shall  be  made  on  the  engineer’s  estimate 
of  the  relative  value  of  the  work  done,  retaining  15  per  cent. 

The  remaining  15  per  cent,  shall  be  due  at  the  expiration  of 
three  months  after  the  final  test  on  presentation  by  the  contractors 
of  the  final  certificate  of  the  engineer  for  the  Trustees  to  the  effect 
that  the  plant  has  worked  in  a satisfactory  manner  during  that  time. 

All  costs  of  repairs  to  the  plant  due  to  defective  construction, 
accidents,  ordinary  wear  and  tear  and  other  causes  which  shall  have 
been  incurred  to  date  of  final  payment,  shall  be  charged  to  the  con- 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


129 


tractors  and  deducted  from  the  amount  which  would  otherwise  have 
been  due  to  him  on  that  day. 

DATE  OF  COMPLETION. 

The  entire  plant  must  be  completed  and  ready  for  service  by 
August  ist,  1888. 

Covington,  Ky. 


SPECIFICATIONS 


— FOR  A — 

GASKILL  VERTICAL  COMPOUND  PUMPING  ENGINE, 
FOR  THE  COVINGTON,  KY.,  WATER  WORKS, 

— BY  THE  — 

HOLLY  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  OF  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y. 


GENERAL  ARRANGEMENT. 

This  engine  will  be  the  kind  known  as  the  Gaskill  Vertical 
Compound  Pumping  Engine.  There  will  be  four  steam  cylinders, 
two  high  pressure  24  inches  in  diameter  and  36  inches  stroke  of 
piston,  and  two  low  pressure  steam  cylinders  48  inches  in  diameter 
and  36  inches  stroke  of  piston.  These  steam  cylinders  will  be 
firmly  bolted  to  a heavy  cast  iron  bed  plate  extending  across  the 
well.  This  bed  plate  to  have  cast  on  its  sides,  pillow  blocks  forming 
bearings  for  each  end  and  center  of  the  crank  shaft,  the  outer  ends 
of  which  will  carry  the  two  fly-wheels.  On  the  lower  side  of  the 
bed  plate,  and  located  on  the  under  side  of  the  same,  will  be  the 
beam  pillow  blocks,  four  in  number,  between  which  the  beams  will 
oscillate.  The  beams  will  be  connected  to  the  piston  rods  of  the 
cylinders  by  suitable  links,  also  to  the  cranks  by  suitable  main  con- 
necting rods.  The  piston  rods  of  both  high  and  low  pressure  steam 
cylinders  will  connect  directly  with  the  pump  piston  rods.  The 
pumps  will  be  four  in  number,  of  the  kind  known  as  single  acting 
plunger  pumps,  and  will  be  placed  on  a suitable  base,  and  firmly 
bolted  thereto,  and  will  be  connected  with  the  valve  boxes  which 


130 


' Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


are  in  turn  to  be  connected  to  the  base  and  firmly  bolted  thereto. 
On  each  pump  cylinder  will  be  two  ears  placed  to  receive  two  4^ 
inch  wrought  iron  stretchers,  the  other  end  of  which  will  be  bolted 
into  the  bed  plate.  The  pumps  will  rest  on  the  foundations  — feet 
below  the  bed  plate  of  the  engine,  being  tied  to  the  engine  as  shown, 
by  these  stretchers,  the  whole  forming  a machine  of  great  campact- 
ness  and  strength,  as  shown  on  the  “ blue  points  ” of  H.  F.  Gas- 
kill’s  Vertical  Compound  Pumping  Engine  accompanying  these 
specifications,  and  intended  to  be  a part  thereof. 

STEAM  CYLINDERS. 

The  steam  cylinders  will  be  four  in  number,  two  high  pressure 
and  two  low  pressure.  The  high  pressure  steam  cylinders  to  be  24 
inches  in  diameter,  and  36  inch  stroke  of  piston,  and  the  low  pres- 
sure steam  cylinders  to  be  48  inches  in  diameter  and  36  inches 
stroke  of  piston.  The  steam  cylinders  to  have  steam  jacketed 
heads,  also  to  be  surrounded  by  a steam  jacket.  The  steam  cylin- 
ders to  be  made  in  dry  sand  moulds  and  cast  on  end,  and  to  be  of 
first  quality  both  in  workmanship  and  material. 

BED  PLATE. 

The  bed  plate  will  be  cast  iron,  and  will  be  in  two  pieces, 
bolted  together.  On  each  part  of  the  bed  plate  will  be  lugs  for  \\ 
inch  wrought  iron  stretchers.  To  the  upper  surface  of  the  bed 
plate  will  be  bolted  the  steam  cylinders ; also  there  will  be  cast  on 
the  upper  surface  of  the  bed  plate,  the  main  pillow  blocks,  in  which 
will  revolve  the  crank  shaft. 

MAIN  CRANK  SHAFT. 

The  crank  shaft,  containing  two  cranks,  will  be  13  inches  in 
diameter,  and  will  be  of  the  best  fagoted  iron. 

FLY-WHEELS. 

The  fly-wheels  will  each  be  12  feet  4 inches  in  diameter. 

MAIN  PILLOW  BLOCKS. 

The  main  pillow  blocks  will  be  three  in  number ; which  will  be 
cast  in  the  upper  surface  of  the  bed  plate.  The  journal  bearings  to 
be  lined  with  first  quality  anti-friction  metal,  and  to  have  adjustable 
nuts  to  compensate  for  wear. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


131 


BEAM  PILLOW  BLOCKS. 

The  beam  pillow  blocks  will  by  four  in  number,  and  will  be 
cast  in  the  lower  side  of  the  engine  bed  plates.  The  journal  bear- 
ings to  be  lined  with  first  quality  anti-friction  metal  and  to  have  ad- 
justable nuts  to  compensate  for  wear. 

BEAM  SHAFT  AND  BEAM. 

The  beam  shaft  will  be  9 inches  in  diameter,  to  which  will  be 
keyed  the  beams,  and  will  by  supported  be  the  beam  pillow  blocks. 
The  beams  will  each  consist  of  two  plates  of  wrought  iron  1 \ inches 
thick,  placed  at  a suitable  distance  from  each  other,  and  to  have 
pins  firmly  bolted  and  riveted  in  for  the  attachment  of  the  main  con- 
necting rods,  and  links  for  the  engine  piston  rods,  as  shown  in  the 
drawing. 

GUIDE  BARS. 

The  guide  bars,  two  in  number  for  each  cylinder,  will  be  of 
cast  iron,  in  which  will  run  the  cross  heads.  They  will  be  bolted 
to  the  inside  of  the  bed  plate  castings. 

VALVE  MOTION. 

The  valve  motion  will  be  the  kind  known  as  the  “ Corliss  ” 
valve  motion. 

CONNECTION  RODS. 

The  connection  rods  and  links  will  be  of  the  best  fagoted  iron, 
rectangular  in  section,  straps  of  the  best  “American”  iron,  and 
boxes  on  the  bearings,  of  bronze,  with  adjustable  gibs  and  keys  of 
the  usual  pattern. 

« 

ENGINE  & PUMP  PISTON  RODS. 

The  piston  rods  for  both  engines  and  pumps  will  be  of  hammer- 
ed steel.  The  piston  rods  for  each  high  pressure  steam  cylinder 
will  be  3 \ inches  in  diameter.  The  piston  rods  for  each  low  pressure 
cylinder  will  be  two  in  number,  and  will  be  4 inches  in  diameter. 
The  pump  piston  rods  will  be  two  to  each  pump,  each  3 \ inches  in 
diameter. 

ENGINE  PISTONS. 

The  engine  pistons,  four  in  number,  will  be  of  the  variety 
known  as  the  “ ring  ” type  of  piston.  There  will  be  two  pistons 
for  the  high  pressure  steam  cylinders,  24  inches  in  diameter ; and 


132 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


two  pistons  for  the  low  pressure  steam  cylinders  48  inches  in  diame- 
ter. 

PUMP  PLUNGERS. 

The  pump  plungers  will  be  four  in  number,  one  for  each  pump, 
of  cast  iron,  and  will  be  19  inches  in  diameter,  and  packed  by 
means  of  an  external  gland. 

arrangement  of  connections. 

The  arrangement  of  connections  between  the  steam  piston  rods 
and  the  beams  will  be  as  follows  : 

The  single  piston  rod  will  be  connected  to  a double  rod  by  a 
cross  head ; and  also  by  means  of  another  cross  head  lower  down 
united  into  the  pump  plunger  rod.  On  the  high  pressure  side  of 
each  beam  will  be  placed  a pin  of  hammered  steel  securely  fastened 
to  the  beam,  which  will  be  in  turn  connected  to  a pin  on  a cross 
head  placed  below  the  upper  cross  head  and  separated  therefrom  by 
a spool.  The  two  side  rods  to  pass  from  a shoulder  below  the 
second  cross  head,  through  it,  the  spool  and  upper  cross  head,  and 
to  be  secured  by  nuts  upon  their  upper  ends. 

WROUGHT  IRON  STRETCHERS. 

From  the  engine  bed  plate  extending  downward  will  be  two 
wrought  iron  stretchers,  \\  inches  in  diameter,  to  each  pump.  At 
the  upper  end  they  will  pass  through  lugs  left  for  that  purpose,  on 
the  engine  bed  plate ; they  being  provided  with  a shoulder  and 
fastened  at  the  top  by  a nut.  At  their  lower  end  they  will  be 
provided  with  a shoulder  and  set  into  ears  on  the  pumps  of  suitable 
strength,  and  will  be  secured  by  a nut  on  their  lower  end. 

PUMP  CYLINDERS. 

The  pump  cylinders  shall  be  four  in  number,  of  cast  iron,  and 
of  the  variety  known  as  the  single  acting  plunger  pumps,  the  plung- 
ers of  which  will  be  19  inches  in  diameter,  and  will  be  packed  with 
external  glands,  the  glands  to  be  bushed  with  bronze.  The  pump 
cylinders  will  be  bolted  firmly  to  the  base,  also  to  the  valve  boxes. 
On  each  pump  will  be  cast  two  lugs,  into  which  the  stretchers  will 
be  placed  and  properly  secured  by  nuts. 

VALVE  BOXES. 

The  valve  boxes  will  be  of  cast  iron  and  circular  in  form. 
Each  valve  box  will  consist  of  three  pieces, — the  lower  valve  plate, 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


133 


upper  valve  plate  and  cover.  In  each  valve  box  will  be  placed 
man  holes  15  inches  in  diameter,  allowing  easy  access  to  the  valves 
The  pump  valves  will  be  of  the  kind  known  as  the  “ Troy  valve  ’ 
(GaskilPs  Patent)  with  a lift  not  to  exceed  of  an  inch. 

BASE. 

There  will  be  a base  for  the  four  pumps,  which  will  be  firmly 
bolted  to  the  foundation  below,  also  to  the  pump  cylinders  above. 
There  will  be  an  opening  in  the  base  to  take  suction  from.  The 
upper  and  lower  surfaces  .of  the  base  will  be  connected  by  webs. 

AIR  AND  SUCTION  CHAMBERS. 

There  will  be  suitable  air  and  suction  chambers  on  the  suction 
and  discharge  pipes.  The  discharge  air  chambers  will  be  provided 
with  suitable  air  charging  device.  The  suction  pipes  to  pumps 
will  be  provided  with  screens  having  openings  at  least  4 times  the 
area  of  the  suction  pipe. 

WATER  GAUGE,  STEAM  GAUGE,  ETC. 

The  engine  will  be  fitted  with  a water  pressure  gauge,  steam 
gauge,  vacuum  gauge,  revolution  counter,  put  up  in  a group  of 
tasteful  design  with  a nickel  plated  finish. 

AIR  PUMP  AND  CONDENSER. 

The  air  pumps  will  be  two  in  number,  single  acting,  of  proper 
form  and  sufficient  capacity.  The  condenser  will  be  of  the  form 
known  as  a surface  condenser,  and  will  be  of  ample  size  to  perform 
the  work  of  condensation. 

OIL  CUPS. 

All  journals  and  bearings  are  to  have  oil  cups  wherever  neces- 
sary. 

WOODEN  LAGGING. 

The  steam  cylinders  will  be  covered  with  black  walnut  lagging, 
which  will  be  secured  by  T5g  inch  round  head  machine  screws. 
The  steam  cylinders  will  be  furnished  with  automatic  lubricators. 

CAPACITY. 

The  above  described  machinery  will  be  guaranteed  to  be  capa- 
ble of  pumping  5,000,000  U.  S.  gallons  of  water  per  24  hours 
against  a static  head  of  378-^  feet,  at  a piston  speed  of  120  feet  per 
minute  with  90  lbs.  steam,  and  to  develop  a duty  equivalent  to 
raising  2,500,000  gallons  378^  feet  high,  in  24  hours,  with  a con- 


134 


Final  Report  oj  the  Engineer 


sumption  of  9,000  pounds  of  coal  and  to  raising  5,000,000  gallons 
378^  feet  high,  in  24  hours,  with  a consumption  of  18,000  pounds 
of  coal,  test  to  be  conducted  as  per  your  specification. 

WORKMANSHIP  AND  MATERIAL. 

It  is  the  intent  of  these  specifications  that  all  material  and  work- 
manship shall  be  first  quality  in  every  respect 

THE  HOLLY  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

H.  F.  Gaskill, 

Vice  Pres.  Eng.  and  Supt. 


SPECIFICATIONS 

— FOR — 

SIX  HORIZONTAL  TUBULAR  STEAM  BOILERS 

— FOR — 

THE  NEW  COVINGTON  WATER  WORKS. 


TYPE. 

The  boilers  to  be  of  the  horizontal  tubular  type  with  full  cast 
iron  fronts  and  double  doors  complete,  together  with  such  other 
castings  as  may  be  called  for  in  these  specifications. 

DIMENSIONS. 

Boilers  to  be  5 feet  6 inches  in  diameter  by  18  feet  in  length. 
Each  boiler  to  have  a steam  dome  2 feet  9 inches  in  diameter  and 
3 feet  6 inches  in  height. 

tubing. 

Each  boiler  to  contain  eighty  3^  inch  lap  welded  tubes  17 
feet  10^  inches  long,  set  in  vertical  rows.  All  tubes  to  be  spaced 
1 inch  vertically  and  1 inch  horizontally.  No  tubes  to  be 
nearer  the  shell  than  3 inches,  or  nearer  the  bottom  of  the  shell 
than  8 inches.  Tubes  to  be  expanded  with  a “dudgeon  expander.” 
The  ends  of  the  tubes  to  be  beaded  over  with  a hand  tool. 

MATERIAL. 

The  shells  and  heads  of  the  boiler  to  be  of  best  quality  Homo- 
geneous steel.  The  shell  to  be  in  three  courses,  each  course  in  one 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


185 


sheet.  Shell  of  boiler  to  be  inch  thick,  shell  of  dome  inch 
thick ; main  and  dome  heads  inch  thick.  The  steel  composing 
the  boiler  to  have  a tensile  strength  of  between  58,000  and  62,000 
pounds  per  square  inch,  and  to  show  an  elongation  of  25  per  cent., 
of  specimens  8 inches  in  length,  and  a reduction  of  area  of  50  per 
cent.,  and  strips  cut  from  the  plates  indiscriminately,  heated  to  a 
low  cherry  red  heat,  quenched  in  water  82°  Fahrenheit,  must  stand 
bending  180°  in  a circle  the  radius  of  which  is  not  greater  than  one 
and  one-half  times  the  thickness  of  the  plates,  tested  without  sign 
of  fracture,  and  specimens  of  steel  must  bend  on  themselves  cold. 

FLANGING. 

All  flanges  to  be  turned  in  a neat  manner  to  a radius  of  2 inches. 
To  be  clear  of  flaws,  checks  and  hammer  marks. 

RIVETING. 

To  be  riveted  with  $/§  inch  iron  rivets  throughout.  (Rivets  to 
be  Bendan’s  best.)  Rivets  to  have  sufficient  length  to  form  heads 
equal  in  strength  to  the  pressed  heads  of  same.  All  girt  seams  to 
be  single  riveted,  horizontal  seams  and  flange  seams  of  dome  at 
junction  with  shell  of  boiler,  also  vertical  seam  of  dome,  to  be 
“stagger  riveted.”  All  riveting  to  be  done  by  hand. 

CHIPPING  AND  CAULKING. 

Seams  to  be  chipped  and  caulked  thoroughly.  All  caulking  to 
be  done  with  the  Connery  Patent  System.  No  drift  pins  to  be  used 
in  the  construction  of  the  boiler.  A reamer  to  be  used  to  ‘ ‘ fair 
up”  holes  where  required.  Dome  to  be  placed  on  the  center  course 
of  boiler. 

BRACING  HEADS. 

The  main  heads  of  boiler  to  be  braced  to  the  shell  with  twelve 
1 }£  inch  round  iron  braces  on  each  head,  four  to  reach  from  five 
inches  above  center  of  upper  row  of  tubes  on  head  to  second  course 
of  shell,  and  the  remainder  on  first  course  of  shell  near  second  sheet. 
All  to  be  equally  distributed  on  the  heads  of  boilers.  All  to  be  solid 
‘ 1 crow-foot  ” braces,  with  flattened  end  against  shell,  and  to  be 
riveted  with  two  $/%  inch  rivets  in  each  end,  care  being  taken  in 
setting  braces  that  they  do  not  come  in  the  way  of  entering  the 
boiler. 

BRACING  DOME. 

Dome  to  be  braced  as  follows  : Heads  to  be  braced  to  shell  of 


136 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


dome  with  ten  i inch  braces,  same  description  as  above,  and  to 
reach  at  least  20  inches  down  on  shell  of  dome.  Also  to  have 
twelve  yf  inch  by  2^  inch  by  12  inch  long  braces  reaching  from 
shell  of  dome  to  shell  of  boiler  to  reinforce  the  flange  seam,  and  to 
be  “ crow-foot  ” braces,  each  riveted  with  two  £4  inch  rivets. 

MAN  AND  HAND  HOLES. 

To  have  a suitable  man  hole  mouth  piece,  12  x 15  inches,  ex- 
tra heavily  secured  to  head  of  boiler  dome,  to  be  furnished  with 
plate  and  fastening,  and  to  have  suitable  hand  holes  in  each  end  of 
the  boiler  heads  below  the  tube  line,  furnished  with  proper  plates 
and  fastenings. 

OPENING. 

Opening  into  dome  from  boiler  to  be  cut  girtwise,  and  not  to 
exceed  10x12  inches,  and  to  be  provided  with  a stiffening  ring  2 y2 
inches  wide  by  £4  inches  thick,  riveted  around  the  same. 

DRIP  HOLES. 

Drip  holes  to  be  punched  at  or  near  the  junction  of  the  shell 
of  dome,  to  properly  drain  the  same. 

SIDE  LUGS. 

Boiler  to  have  four  cast  iron  side  lugs,  to  support  the  same, 
securely  riveted  to  each  side,  one  on  each  course. 

CASTINGS. 

Each  boiler  to  be  furnished  with  full  cast  iron  front  of  neat  de- 
sign, with  all  necessary  doors  and  fastenings  for  facility  of  access 
to  the  tubes,  furnace  and  ash-pit.  Each  boiler  to  be  also  furnished 
with  rear  doors  exposing  the  rear  end  of  tubes.  To  be  also  furnish- 
ed with  all  suitable  buckstays  and  buck-stay  rods  for  securing  and 
holding  fronts  and  brick  work  in  position,  and  with  all  necessary 
nuts  and  washers. 

GRATES. 

Each  boiler  to  be  provided  with  not  less  than  30  feet  of  grate 
surface. 

FITTINGS. 

Each  boiler  to  be  furnished  with  one  8 inch  biass  case,  nickel- 
plated  steam  gauge  with  stop  cocks  and  siphon ; three  yf  inch 
gauge  cocks,  one  y^  inch  glass  gauge,  and  with  all  suitable  feed, 
blow-off  and  check  valves,  also  with  one  4 inch  pop  safety  valve  of 
approved  make,  with  brass  stems,  seats  and  valves. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


137 


MATERIAL  AND  WORKMANSHIP. 

The  whole  to  be  put  together  in  a first  class  workmanlike  man- 
ner, materials  used  to  be  the  best  of  their  several  kinds,  all  subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Covington  Water- 
Works,  who  shall  have  authority  to  reject  any  or  all  parts  of  said 
materials  or  workmanship  that  are  not  in  full  conformity  with  these 
specifications. 

PRESSURE  AND  TEST. 

These  boilers  are  to  carry  safely  a working  pressure  of  ioo 
pounds  per  square  inch,  and  must  be  tested,  and  made  thoroughly 
tight  at  a cold  water  pressure  of  200  pounds  before  shipment  from 
the  place  of  manufacture. 

FEED  PUMPS. 

The  boilers  to  be  furnished  with  independent  feed  pumps  hav- 
ing capacity  to  supply  the  water  evaporated  by  the  six  boilers. 

MUD  DRUM. 

Each  boiler  to  be  supplied  with  a suitable  mud  drum  arranged 
o as  to  be  accessible  from  the  outside  of  brick  setting. 

FEED  WATER  PURIFIER. 

The  boilers  to  be  furnished  with  a suitable  feed  water  heater 
and  purifier,  one  that  will  satisfactorily  perform  its  office.  (5) 

SHIELD  PLATES. 

Shield  plates  to  be  attached  to  the  doors  in  front  of  flues  of 
boiler  to  prevent  excessive  radiation  of  heat. 

SETTING. 

The  six  boilers  to  be  furnished,  set  up  complete  at  the  Coving- 
ton City  pumping  station,  including  all  brick  work,  which  is  to  be 
put  in,  in. a thorough  and  workmanlike  manner  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Covington  City  Water-Works.  Brick 
work  to  include  the  necessary  brick  flue  extending  back  of  the  boil- 
ers, as  shown  by  plans  herewith  submitted,  sheet  No.  3. 

THE  HOLLY  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

H.  F.  Gaskill, 

Vice  Pres.  Eng.  and  Supt. 

5 The  mud  drums  were  dispensed  with,  and  a “National  Filter  ’ 
placed  between  the  heater  and  the  boilers. 


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Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


EXHIBIT  “ M.” 

GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS 

FOR 

BILGE  PUMP  AT  THE  PUMPING  STATION. 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION. 

This  pump  is  intended  to  be  used  for  pumping  out  and  clean- 
ing the  well  at  the  pumping  station.  A boiler  is  not  required,  the 
necessary  supply  of  steam  being  obtainable  from  the  boilers  of  the 
pumping  engines. 

The  general  arrangement  shall  be  such  as  shown  in  diagrams 
on  sheet  No.  3. 

The  pump,  which  shall  be  of  the  direct  acting,  duplex  type, 
shall  be  movable  vertically  between  iron  guides  of  sufficient  strength 
and  stiffness,  fastened  to  the  iron  beams  of  the  floors.  These 
guides  shall  have  holes  or  brackets  every  five  (5)  feet,  supporting 
a moveable  cross  bar  upon  which  the  pump  shall  rest  when  working. 
The  pump  shall  be  raised  and  lowered  by  means  of  a Weston  dif- 
ferential block,  suspended  from  a cross-beam  supported  by  the 
roof  trusses. 

CONDITIONS  OF  WORKING  AND  DETAILS  OF  CONSTRUCTION. 

The  pump  shall  work  vertically,  the  water  cylinders  ddwn  and 
the  steam  cylinders  up.  The  steam  cylinders  shall  be  connected 
with  the  steam  pipes  of  the  pumping  engines  with  a steam  hose  of 
sufficient  length  to  allow  the  lowering  of  the  pump  to  a distance  of 
14  feet  from  the  bottom  of  the  well. 

The  stationary  discharge  pipe,  D.  D. , with  outlet  sixty  (60) 
feet  above  the  bottom  of  well,  is  six  (6)  inches  in  diameter  and  has 
four  branch  valves  about  14^2  feet  apart  for  connection  with  the 
pump  by  a 5 inch,  flexible  hose.  This  hose  must  be  long  enough 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


139 


to  connect  the  discharge  pipe  at  the  lowest  branch  valve  with  the 
pump  at  its  lowest  position  in  the  well. 

The  suction  pipe  permanently  attached  to  the  pump,  shall  be 
15  feet  long,  and  shall  have  a strainer  at  the  end,  reaching  to  the 
bottom  of  the  sump  S.,  when  the  pump  occupies  its  lowest  position. 

When  running  at  a piston  speed  of  not  more  than  100  feet 
per  minute,  with  a steam  pressure  in  the  boiler  of  75  lbs.  per  square 
inch,  and  the  water  at  its  lowest  level  in  the  well,  the  pump  shall 
discharge  not  less  than  500  gallons  per  minute,  actual  measurement. 

The  pump  must  be  constructed  with  the  view  of  pumping 
muddy  and  sandy  water,  such  as  must  be  expected  in  cleaning 
out  the  well. 

The  plungers  and  piston  rods  shall  be  of  brass.  If  the  pump 
is  made  with  water  pistons  instead  of  plungers,  the  water  cylinders 
shall  be  lined  with  brass.  The  valve  seats  shall  be  of  brass  and 
easily  accessible  for  inspection  and  repair. 

All  materials  used  in  the  construction  of  the  pump  and  appen- 
dages must  be  of  the  best  quality,  and  the  workmanship  first  class 
in  every  particular.  All  unfinished  parts  of  the  pump  must  be 
painted  with  three  coats  of  black  Japan  varnish. 

PRICE. 

The  price  bid  must  include,  besides  the  pump,  the  necessary 
length  of  steam  hose  with  couplings  at  ends,  the  necessary  length 
of  discharge  hose  with  couplings  at  ends,  the  necessary  length  of 
suction  pipe  with  strainer  the  necessary  steam  exhaust  pipe  in 
place,  with  valves,  the  necessary  steam  exhaust  hose,  with  coup- 
lings to  connect  with  pump  and  exhaust  pipe,  the  differential  block 
for  raising  and  lowering  the  pump,  with  chains  of  sufficient  length 
to  be  operated  conveniently  from  the  floor  of  the  engine  room,  the 
chain  for  suspending  the  pump  to  the  block,  and  all  the  tools  neces- 
sary to  put  together  or  take  apart  the  different  parts  of  the  ma- 
chinery. 

All  of  which  must  be  delivered  in  good  working  order,  ready 
for  use,  and  to  the  acceptance  of  the  Engineer,  at  the  new  Coving- 
ton Pumping  Station,  situated  on  the  Ohio  river,  and  on  the 
line  of  the  C.  & O.  R.  R.,  about  eight  (8)  miles  from  Covington, 
Kentucky. 


140 


Final  Report,  of  the  Engineer 


PROPOSALS. 


Cincinnati,  Ohio,  June,  — , 1889. 

To  the  Trustees  Covington  Reservoir : 

Gentlemen  : — We  have  the  honor  to  herewith  submit  pro- 
posal for  Pump  and  accessories  for  use  at  pumping  station,  as  set 
forth  in  specifications. 

We  would  offer  one  9 in.  x 8j^  in.  x 10  in.  Worthington 
Duplex  (brass  mounted)  Plunger  Pumping  Engine,  so  constructed 
and  arranged  as  to  be  operated  vertically,  and  so  arranged  as  to  be 
raised  and  lowered  by  a chain  block,  and  secured  at  various  stages 
within  the  well,  to  cross-bars  or  a platform  that  are  made  movable 
on  guides  to  be  provided  by  you. 

This  pump  will  have  brass  plungers,  brass  piston  rods,  brass 
valve  seats,  and  will  have  a permanent  6 inch  suction  pipe  fifteen 
(15)  feet  long,  projecting  downwardly  from  the  pump,  which  suc- 
tion pipe  will  be  provided  with  substantial  strainer,  18x24  inches, 
filled  with  T5g-  inch  perforations,  and  the  same  rigidly  secured  to 
lower  end  of  suction  pipe.  All  needed  2 inch  steam  hose  with 
necessary  brass. couplings  to  conduct  the  steam  from  the  steam  pipe 
to  steam  cylinders  of  the  pump;  the  necessary  2j£  inch  steam  hose 
for  the  exhaust  of  the  steam  cylinders  to  connect  with  the  out- port 
exhaust,  including  the  needed  brass  couplings ; also  the  necessary 
5 in.  x 4 ply  hose  with  brass  couplings  for  the  water  discharge  of 
the  pump,  and  to  connect  to  your  discharge  pipe  connections.  All 
iron  pipe  valves  and  fittings  needed  for  the  out -port  exhaust,  to 
which  the  exhaust  hose  will  attach,  and  one  Weston  differential 
chain  block  of  3 ton  capacity,  with  necessary  length  of  chain  to 
lower  pump  to  lowest  point  in  well,  and  all  needed  attachments 
for  the  same,  except  as  to  the  over  head  or  roof  attachment,  which 
you  are  to  provide. 

All  needed  lubricators,  oil  cups,  wrenches  and  other  appurte- 
nances necessary  for  caring  for  or  operating  the  pump  are  included, 
as  contemplated  by  the  specifications. 

All  of  which  we  will  guarantee  to  be  first  class  in  every  particular, 
and  to  have  the  power  with  75  lbs  of  steam  pressure  to  deliver 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


141 


the  quantity  of  water  you  stipulate,  and  to  satisfactorily  perform 
your  service,  for  the  sum  of  eleven  hundred  eighty-seven  dollars, 
($1,187.00). 

We  would  recommend,  however,  as  better  adapted  to  this 
service,  the  Admiralty  Pump,  as  illustrated  on  page  36  of  our  illus- 
trated catalogue. 

The  12  in.  x in.  x 10  in.  of  this  type,  brass  fitted,  with  the 

other  appurtenances  for  pumping  out  well  hole,  would  cost  you 
twelve  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  (1,250.00),  same  terms  as  above. 

The  above  prices  contemplate  painting,  as  stipulated. 

Yours  truly, 

J.  K.  RUGG  & CO., 
Agent  for  Henry  R.  Worthington. 


142 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


EXHIBIT  “ N.” 

SPECIFICATIONS 

FOR 

GUIDES  OF  BILGE  PUMP  AT  THE  COVINGTON,  KY., 
PUMP  HOUSE. 


GENERAL. 

The  work  shall  be  done  in  accordance  with  the  plans  and 
specifications  furnished  by  the  chief  Engineer  for  the  Trustees  of 
the  Covington  Reservoir. 

The  work  shall  include  all  iron,  shop  work,  coating,  labor, 
transportation  and  other  work  necessary  or  incidental  to  the  con- 
struction and  erection  of  the  guides  in  the  pump  well  at  the  new 
pumping  station  on  the  line  of  the  C.  & O.  R.  R.,  about  eight 
miles  from  Covington,  Ky.,  including  the  attachments  and  stays  for 
the  same  and  the  hinges  for  the  trap  door  over  the  well. 

QUALITY  OP  THE  IRON. 

The  iron  shall  be  tough,  ductile,  uniform  in  quality  and  shall 
stand  without  breaking,  not  less  than  50,000  pounds  per  square  inch 
tensile  stress  with  15  per  cent,  elongation  in  eight  inches,  in  speci- 
mens 3^2  square  inch  of  sectional  area.  All  pieces  shall  be  smooth, 
free  from  injurious  seams  or  flaws,  blisters,  buckles,  cinder  spots  and 
imperfect  edges. 

WORKMANSHIP. 

All  workmanship  shall  be  first-class  in  every  particular. 

All  parts  shall  be  free  from  twists  and  bends.  Abutting  ends 
shall  be  planed  or  turned  in  a plane  perpendicular  to  their  axis  and 
shall  be  in  contact  throughout. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


143 


Rivet  holes  shall  be  accurately  spaced  and  shall  fit  exactly  op- 
posite to  each  other  without  drifting. 

Rivets  when  driven  shall  completely  fill  the  holes. 

Rivet  heads  shall  be  full  size,  well  formed  and  concentric  to  the 
holes. 

No  loose  rivets  shall  be  allowed. 

All  bolts  shall  have  perfect  threads. 

COATING. 

All  the  iron  work  shall  be  coated  with  approved  black  varnish 
or  other  water  proof  coating  approved  by  the  Engineer. 

ANCHORING. 

The  intermediate  stays  between  floors  shall  be  leaded  into  the 
masonry  of  the  well  as  shown  on  plans. 


PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  GUIDES  OF  AUXILIARY  PUMP 
AT  THE  NEW  PUMPING  STATION  FOR  COV- 
INGTON. KENTUCKY. 


The  undersigned,  having  carefully  examined  the  plans  and 
specifications  for  the  guides  of  auxiliary  pump  at  the  new  pumping 
station  for  Covington,  Ky.,  hereby  propose  to  the  Trustees  of  Cov- 
ington Reservoir  to  construct  and  erect  the  same,  ready  for  use,  in 
accordance  with  said  plans  and  specifications  and  under  the  direc- 
tion and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  chief  Engineer  for  said  Trustees, 

for  the  sum  of cts.  per  pound,  and  complete  the  work  on  or 

before  the  15th  day  of  September,  1889. 


144 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


EXHIBIT  “ O.” 


Cincinnati,  December,  n,  1890. 
Trustees  Covington  Reservoir , Covington,  Ky.: 

Gentlemen  : — I beg  to  submit  the  following  report  on  the  duty 
tests  recently  made  of  the  Covington  pumping  engines  built  by  the 
Holly  Manufacturing  Co.  under  contract  with  your  Board. 

The  general  specifications  under  which  proposals  were  received 
for  these  pumping  engines  stipulate  that  “each  pumping  engine 
working  either  singly  or  jointly  with  the  normal  pressure  of  100  lbs. 
of  steam  in  the  boilers  shall  deliver  water  in  the  Reservoir  at  the 
rate  of  5 million  U.  S.  standard  gallons  in  24  hours  with  a con- 
sumption of  coal  not  exceeding  18,000  lbs.  in  24  hours  when  the 
level  of  the  water  in  the  river  is  385  feet  below  the  center  of  force 
pipe  at  the  apex  on  the  hill.  The  consumption  shall  be  proportion- 
ally less  as  the  water  in  the  river  rises  above  the  datum  referred  to. 

“After  a period  of  ninety  days  operation  the  final  tests  for 
duty  shall  be  made  in  the  following  manner : 1st.  Both  pumping 
engines  shall  be  worked  simultaneously  in  normal  condition  with  a 
steam  pressure  of  100  lbs.  to  the  square  inch  in  the  boilers,  and  a 
rate  of  delivery  into  the  Reservoir,  not  less  than  10  million  gallons 
in  24  hours  for  a period  of  not  less  than  48  hours.  2nd.  A simi- 
lar test  shall  be  made  with  each  engine  working  singly  in  normal 
condition  with  100  lbs.  steam  pressure  in  the  boilers.  The  coal 
consumed  shall  be  carefully  weighed.  The  quantity  of  water  shall 
be  carefully  measured  over  a weir  at  the  Reservoir  and  an  accurate 
record  shall  be  kept  of  the  elevation  of  water  in  the  river  during 
the  test.” 

In  the  contract  as  executed  by  the  Holly  Manufacturing  Co. 
these  conditions  were  slightly  modified  by  the  following  clause : 
“The  above  described  machinery  will  be  guarranteed  to  be  capable 
of  pumping  5 million  U.  S.  gallons  of  water  per  24  hours  against  a 
static  head  of  378  1-10  feet  at  a piston  speed  of  120  feet  per  min- 
ute with  90  lbs.  steam  and  to  develop  a duty  equivalent  to  raising 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


145 


2^  million  gallons  378  1-10  ft.  high  in  24  hours  with  a consumption 
of  9,000  lbs.  of  coal  and  to  raising  5 million  gallons  378  i-iofeet 
high  in  24  hours  with  a consumption  of  18,000  lbs.  of  coal,  test 
to  be  conducted  as  per  your  specifications.,, 

The  changes  made  from  the  general  specifications  by  this  clause 
of  the  contract  are  : 

1 st  That  a maximum  static  head  of  378  1-10  feet  is  substi- 
tuted for  385  feet,  the  former  being  the  difference  in  elevation  be- 
tween extreme  low  water  in  the  river  and  the  highest  point  on  the 
force  pipe  line  at  the  open  stand  pipe  in  tunnel. 

2nd.  That  a pressure  of  90  lbs.  of  steam  (inferred  to  apply  to 
the  working  pressure  at  the  engines,  but  not  expressly  defined)  is 
substituted  in  place  of  100  lbs.  pressure  at  the  boilers. 

3rd.  That  the  piston  speed  of  the  engines  is  limited  to  120  ft. 
per  minute,  whereas  no  limit  is  stipulated  in  the  general  specifica- 
tions. 

The  weir  used  for  gauging  the  quantities  of  water  delivered  was 
erected  at  the  inlet  of  the  north  basin  o.f  the  Reservoir. 

The  tests  were  made  in  the  following  order  : 

1st.  Engine  No.  1 running  alone  from  November  25th,  12:30 
P.  M.  to  November  27th,  12:30  P.  M. 

2nd.  Engine  No.  2 running  alone  from  November  27th,  6 
P.  M.  to  November  29th,  6 P.  M. 

3rd.  Engines  No.  1 and  No.  2 running  together  from  Decem- 
ber 3rd,  noon,  to  December  5th,  noon. 

The  interval  of  time  between  test  No.  2 and  test  No.  3 was 
rendered  unavoidable  by  the  necessity  of  waiting  for  the  necessary 
room  in  the  two  basins  of  the  Reservoir  to  receive  the  water  pumped 
during  the  3rd  test  and  by  the  absence  of  Mr.  Hermany  who  was 
compelled  to  attend  to  urgent  business  in  Louisville. 

The  water  delivered  during  test  No.  1 for  the  46  hours  begin- 
ning at  1:50  P.  M.  November  25th,  and  ending  at  11:50  A.  M. 
November  27th,  was  carefully  measured  in  the  basin  to  serve  as  a 
check  to  the  gauging  at  the  weir.  The  same  was  done  during  test 
No.  3 for  the  first  24  hours  run  from  noon  December  3rd,  to  noon 
December  4th.  As  a further  check  to  show  the  changes  in  the 
condition  of  the  engines  which  might  have  taken  place  during  the 
tests,  short  runs  were  made  at  the  end  of  test  No.  3 with  each  en- 
gine working  alone. 


146 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


For  Engine  No.  i from  12:15  P-  M.  to  1:45  P.  M. 

For  Engine  No.  2 from  2:15  P.  M.  to  3:45  P.  M. 

The  results  of  my  calculations  from  all  the  observations  taken 
are  tabulated  in  the  accompanying  exhibit. 

The  notes  have  been  handed  by  me  to  Mr.  Hermany  who  will 
make  his  own  computation  and  submit  his  report  to  your  Board 
next  week. 

The  weir  and  basin  measurements  in  the  first  test  were  found 
to  agree  within  about  one  per  cent,  which  is  as  close  as  could  be 
expected. 


EXHIBIT  SHOWING  RESULTS  OF  DUTY  TESTS  OF 
COVINGTON  PUMPING  ENGINES. 


Engine 

No.l 

Engine 
No.  2 

Engines 
Nos.  1 & 2 
Combined . 

Engine 
No.  1 
short  run. 

Engine 
No.  2 
short  run. 

Water  deliver-  ’ 
ed  (Weir  meas- 
urement.) , 

1 

gals. 

10,909,269 

gals. 

10,937,261 

gals. 

21,546,323 

c.  f. 
50,245 

c.  f. 
47,306 

Water  deliver-  ’ 
ed  (Basin  meas- 
urement.) , 

: 

*'gal.  for 
46  hrs. 
10,570,610 

not  taken. 

**  gal.  for 
1st  24  hrs. 
11,153,805 

not  taken. 

not  taken. 

Discrepency  be-*] 
tween  basin  |* 
and  weir  (basin  \- 
in  excess  of  j 
weir.)  J 

0.01092 

0.03507 

Number  of  rev- ' 
olutions  of 
engine. 

Displacement] 

of 

pumps. 

1 

| 

I- 

63,795 

gals. 

11,275,432 

64,299 

gals. 

11,364,510 

No.  1 
64,899 
No.  2 
65,295 

gal. 

23,011,103 

2,230 

c.  f. 
52,689 

2,106 

c.  f. 
49,759 

Slip  of  pumps) 
by  weir 
measurement.  J 

t 

0.0325 

0.0376 

0.0637 

0.0464 

0.0493 

Slip  of  pumps ) 
by  basin 
measurement.  J 

: 

0.0217 

not  taken. 

0.0308 

To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


147 


EXHIBIT  SHOWING  RESULTS  OF  DUTY  TESTS  OF  COVINGTON  PUMPING  EN- 
GINES.— CONTINUED. 


Engine 
No.  1. 

Engine 
No.  2. 

Engines 
Nos.  1 & 2 
Combined. 

Engine 
No.  1. 
short  run. 

Engine 
No.  2, 
short  run. 

Average  depth 
of  water  in  j 
well  below  [ 

floor  engine  | 
house.  J 

ft. 

49,279 

ft. 

54,136 

ft. 

60,330 

Depth  of  water 'I 
below  center  j 
of  force  main  }- 
at  stand 

ft.  below 
0.125 

ft.  below 
0.125 

ft.  above 
0.375 

pipe.  J 

Total  average  lift 

356.964  ft. 

361.821  ftJ 

: 

368.515  ft. 

Quantity  of  wa-  ] 
ter  assumed  | 
in  computa-  }- 
tion  of  allow-  j 
able  coal.  J 

gals. 

10,909,269 

gals. 

10,937,261 

gals. 

22,06.1,091 

Allowable  coal. 

37,078  lbs. 

37,679  lbs. 

, 

77,406  lbs. 

Coal  burnt. 

35,041  lbs. 

36,675  lbs. 

76,725  lbs. 

Marginof  allow- 1 
able  coal  over  >■ 
coal  burnt.  J 

2,037  lbs. 

1,004  lbs. 

681  lbs. 

M argin  in  per  cent 

Actual  piston  1 
speed.  j 

Piston  speed  on 
basis  of  5 mil-  | 
lion  gallons  }- 
for  each 

5.5  per  ct. 

132.9  ft. 

121.8  ft. 

2.66  per  ct. 

134  ft. 

122.5  ft. 

.88  per  ct. 
No.  1 

134.9  ft. 
No.  2 
135.6  ft. 

Average 

122.9  ft. 

engine. 

Excess  of  pis-  1 
ton  speed  in  l 
per  cent.  J 

1.5  per  ct. 

2.04  per  ct. 

2.4  per  ct. 

*For  the  same  46  hours  weir  measurement,  10,456,400  gals. 

**For  the  same  24  hours  weir  measurement,  10,775,952gals. 

In  the  3rd  test  the  basin  measurement  exceeded  the  weir  meas- 
urement by  more  than  6 per  cent,  which  can  only  be  explained  by 
the  fact  that  the  current  in  the  weir  trough  was  disturbed  to  such  an 


148 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


extent  by  the  large  quantity  of  air  carried  by  the  water  from  the 
stand  pipe  as  to  impair  the  accuracy  of  the  gauging.  The  quantity 
of  water  given  by  the  basin  measurement  less  1.092  per  cent,  was 
taken  as  a basis  for  the  computation  of  the  allowable  coal  in  that 
test. 

My  conclusion  with  regard  to  the  tests  is  that  the  engines  have 
complied  with  the  conditions  of  the  contract  except  in  the  following 
particulars  : 

1st.  That  the  pressure  of  steam  corresponding  to  the  specified 
duty  is  too  lbs.  instead  of  90  lbs.  2nd.  That  the  piston  speed 
necessary  for  the  delivery  of  the  specified  quantity  of  water  in  the 
24  hours,  exceeds  the  specified  speed  by  1 \ to  2 per  cent. 

These  discrepancies  being  of  a purely  technical  nature,  I rec- 
ommend the  acceptance  of  the  engines  from  the  contractor’s  hands. 

Very  respectfully, 

G.  BOUSCAREN. 

Chief  Engineer. 


Note. — The  weight  of  coal  allowable  is  given  by  the  following 
formulas  in  which  H=total  average  lift,  Q=quantity  of  water  de- 
livered in  million  gallons. 


For  tests  Nos.  1 and  2,  W=i8,ooo  x 


For  test  No.  3, 


W=36,ooo  x 


H x Q 
378.1  x 5 
H x Q 


378.1  x 10 

The  gauge  readings  at  the  weir  were  taken  every  5 minutes  and 
the  discharge  for  every  hour  calculated  from  Mr.  Francis’  tables  com- 
puted for  this  formula : 


Q— 3.33  (L — o.  1 x n x H)  in  which  Lr^length  of  weir, 
u=:number  of  end  contractions  and  H=depth  of  water  on  weir. 

In  applying  the  tables,  corrections  were  made  for  the  increased 
discharge  due  to  the  velocity  of  approach  equal  to  ^ of  the  mean 
velocity. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


149 


EXHIBIT  “ P.” 


Louisville,  Ky.,  Dec.  18th,  1890. 
To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir , Covington , Ky. 

Gentlemen. — Below  please  find  my  report  upon  the  fuel  and 
capacity  tests  made  with  two  pairs  of  compound  steam  pumping  en- 
gines, built  by  the  Holly  Mfg.  Co.,  for  the  Covington,  Ky.,  Reser- 
voir Trustees. 


ENGINE  No.  1. 


1.  Duration  of  test  from  12:30  p.  m.,  Nov.  25th,  to  12:30  p. 
m.,  Nov.  27th,  1890 — 48  hours. 

2.  Two  boilers  fired  during  test,  Nos.  3 and  4. 

3.  Coal  burnt  in  48  hours,  34  990  pounds. 

4.  Quality  of  fuel  used  was  good  Pittsburgh  lump  coal  forked 

and  free  from  slack.  The  contract  says  : “ The  coal  used  shall  be 

the  run  of  the  mine,  ordinary  quality  Pittsburg  coal.” 

5.  The  average  pressure  of  steam  in  boilers  during  test  was 
104  18  pounds  per  square  inch.  Pressure  stipulated  in  contract  was 
90  pounds  per  square  inch. 

6.  Engine  No.  1 operates  four  single-acting  plunger  pumps, 
each  19  inches  in  diameter  and  36  inches  stroke. 

2 

7.  Plunger  displacement  per  revolution,  equals  (19)  x 0.7854 
x 36  x 4 x (3^-t)=176.7456  U.  S.  Gallons. 

8.  Number  of  revolutions  during  test  63,795. 

9 Piston  Speed  120  feet  per  minute  as  named  in  contract  for 
10,000.000  gallons  in  48  hours. 

10.  Average  piston  speed  during  test  was: 


63,795  x 6 x 10,000,000 
48  x 60  11,030,201 


4.20.49  feet  per  minute. 


11.  Volume  of  water  pumped  during  48  hours,  estimated  by 
plunger  displacement  was  63,795  x 176.7456=11,275,436  gallons. 

12.  Static  head  against  pumps  from  low  water  in  the  river  to 


150 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


water  surface  at  apex  at  force  main  at  stand-pipe,  378.1  feet  as  speci- 
fied. 

13.  Average  vertical  distance  during  test  from  Engine  Room 
Floor  to  water  in  well  49.342  feet. 

14.  Average  height  during  test  from  Engine  Room  Floor  to 
water  surface  at  apex  in  force  main  at  stand-pipe  307.81  feet  by 
Engineer’s  levels.  Same  by  pressure  gauge  314.61  feet. 

15.  Total  static  head  against  pumps  during  test  357.152  feet 
by  Engineer’s  level. 

16.  The  mean  head  on  the  weir  during  test  from  576  readings  of 
hook-gauge,  was  0.64495  feet,  head  due  velocity  of  approach  0.0024 
feet,  and  total  head  on  weir  0.64735  feet.  Length  of  weir  4 995 
feet. 

17.  Volume  of  water  delivered  into  reservoir  in  48  hours  by 
weir  measurement  (computed  by  Francis’  well  known  formula) 

Q.=3.33(L— o.l  x«xH)H^  was— 

3.33(4  995-o.  1 x 2 x 0.64735)  0.64735^  x 7.4805  x 60  x 60 
x 48=10,908,310  gallons. 

18.  Volume  of  water  delivered  into  reservoir  in  46  hours  by 

basin  measurement.  Water  in  n.  basin  Nov.  25th  at  1.50  p.  m.  by 
table  of  reservoir  capacity 12,689*340  gallons. 

Water  in  same  Nov.  27th,  at  11:50  a m.  23,259,950  “ 

In  46  hours 10,570,610  gallons. 

Equivalent  to 48/46 

In  48  hours 11,030,201  gallons. 

19.  These  three  different  methods  of  determining  the  volume 
of  water  delivered  into  the  reservoir,  as  shown  in  sections  7 — 11 
16  —17  and  18  of  this  report,  give  the  following  as  delivery  in  48 


hours,  viz, 

By  pump  plunger  displacement 11,275,486  galls. 

“ Weir  gauging 10,908.310  “ 

“ Basin  measurement 11,030,201  “ 


The  lost  action  (slip)  of  the  pumps  was  therefore  0 03366  when 
estimated  by  weir  gauging  and  0.02223  compared  with  basin  meas- 
urement. 

The  volume  of  water  delivered  into  reservoir,  as  determined 
by  basin  measurement,  is  taken  as  the  closest  approximation  to  ac- 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


151 


curacy,  and  therefore  Engine  No.  1 is  given  credit  for  having  de- 
livered 11,030,201  gallons  of  water  into  the  reservoir  in  48  hours. 

20.  The  contract  stipulates  that  the  Engine  shall  pump  10,- 
000,000  gallons  of  water  in  48  hours  from  low  water  level  in  the 
river  to  the  height  of  the  center  of  the  force  pipe  at  the  stand  pipe 
(a  height  of  378.1  feet)  with  36,000  pounds  of  coal,  or  the  same 
volume  of  water  with  a proportionately  less  weight  of  coal  as  the 
water  in  the  river  rises  above  the  low  water  level.  Which  alterna- 
tive means,  that  if  the  conditions  named  in  the  contract  do  not  exist 
at  the  time  of  making  the  test,  then  the  result  of  the  test  made  un- 
der changed  conditions,  shall  be  the  mechanical  equivalent  of  the 
work  stipulated  in  the  contract. 

Instead  of  pumping  the  stipulated  volume  as  above  stated  this 
engine  pumped  11,030,201  gallons  of  water  in  48  hours  357,152 
feet  high  with  34,990  pounds  of  coal,  which  is  the  mechanical 
equivalent  of  the  work  stipulated  to  be  performed,  with  2,519 
pounds  of  coal  less  than  the  weight  allowed  in  the  contract — a re- 
duction of  7t2^  per  cent. , expressed  as  follows,  viz  : 

11,030,201  gal.  x 357  152  feet  head  OA  AAA  lt 
10  000,000  gal.  X 378.1  feet  head  x 36’000  lbs'  coaL 
— 34,990  pounds  of  coal==2,519  pounds  of  coal  less  than  the  con- 
tract allowance. 


ENGINE  No.  2. 


1.  Duration  of  test  6:00  p.  m.,  Nov.  27th,  to  6:00  p.  m., 
Nov.  29th,  1890—48  hours. 

2.  Two  boilers  fired  during  test,  Nos.  3 and  4. 

3.  Coal  burnt  in  48  hours  36,777  pounds. 

4.  Quality  of  fuel  used  was  good  Pittsburg  coal,  containing  a 
large  percentage  of  slack.  The  contract  says:  “ The  coal  used 
shall  be  the  run  of  the  mine,  ordinary  quality  Pittsburg  coal.” 

5.  The  average  pressure  of  steam  in  boiler  during  the  test  was 
103.81  pounds  per  square  inch.  Pressure  stipulated  in  contract  is 
90  pounds  per  square  inch. 

6.  Engine  No.  2 is  a duplicate  of  No.  1,  and  operates  four 
single-acting  plunger  pumps,  each  19  inches  in  diameter  and  36 
inches  stroke. 

7.  Plunger  displacement  per  revolution,  equals 


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Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


(19)  x.  7854x  36  x 4 x 1^6.7456  U.  S.  gallons. 

8.  Number  of  revolutions  during  test  64,299. 

9.  Piston  speed  120  feet  per  minute  as  named  in  contract  for 
10,000,000  gallons. 

10.  Average  piston  speed  during  test  was 

64,299  x 6 10  000  000  100/l0,  , . f 

48  x «j0  X 10.986.128  - = *22.49  feet  per  mmute. 

11.  Volume  of  water  pumped  during  48  hours,  estimated  by* 
plunger  displacement,  was 

64,299  rev.  x 176  7456  galls.  — 11,364,565  gallons. 

12.  Static  head  against  pumps  from  low  water  in  the  river  to 
water  surface  at  apex  in  force  main  at  stand-pipe,  378.1  feet  as 
specified  in  contract. 

13.  Average  vertical  distance  during  test  from  engine  room 
floor  to  water  in  well  54.115  feet. 

14.  Average  height  during  test  from  engine  room  floor  to  water 
surface  at  apex  in  force  main  at  stand-pipe,  307.81  feet  by  En- 
gineer’s levels — same  by  pressure  gauge  314.61  feet. 

15.  Total  static  head  against  pumps  during  test  was  361.925 
feet  by  Engineer’s  levels. 

16.  The  mean  head  on  the  weir  during  the  test  from  hook- 
gauge  readings  taken  at  regular  intervals  of  five  minutes  apart  was 
0.64607  feet,  head  due  velocity  of  approach  0.0024  feet,  and  total 
head  on  weir  0.64847  feet — length  of  weir  4.995  feet. 

17.  Volume  of  water  delivered  into  Reservoir  in  48  hours  by 
weir  mersurement,  computed  by  Francis’  formula,  was 

3.33(4.995—0.1  x2  x 0.64847)  x 0.64847*  x 7.4305  x 60  x 60 
x 48=10,936,128  gallons. 

18.  Volume  of  water  delivered  into  reservoir  in  the  test  of  this 
Engine  was  not  measured  in  the  basin. 

19.  The  two  different  methods  of  determining  the  volume  of 
water  delivered  into  the  reservoir  give  the  following  as  the  delivery 
in  48  hours,  viz  : 

By  pump  plunger  displacement 11,364,565  gallons. 

“ weir  gauging 10,936,128  “ 

The  result  of  the  test  made  with  Engine  No.  1,  gave  the  vol- 
ume of  water  delivered,  by  basin  measurement,  as  1.01117  times 
that  determined  by  weir  gauging.  For  the  reason  assigned  in  the 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


153 


report  on  the  test  with  Engine  No.  1,  the  weir  volume  of  the  deliv- 
ery by  Engine  No.  2,  is  multiplied  by  1.01117,  and  the  engine 
given  credit  for  delivering  11,058,328  gallons  of  water  into  the  res- 
ervoir in  48  hours. 

The  lost  action  (or  slip)  of  the  pumps  was  therefore  0.03917 
estimated  by  weir  gauging,  and  0.02769  compared  with  estimated 
basin  measurement. 

2o.  The  contract  requires  Engine  No.  2 to  perform  the  same 
work  with  the  same  consumption  of  coal  as  stipulated  for  Engine 
No.  1.  Engine  No.  2,  pumped  11; 058, 328  gallons  of  water  361.- 
925  feet  high  in  48  hours  with  36,777  pounds  of  coal,  which  is  the 
mechanical  equivalent  of  the  work  stipulated  to  be  performed  with 
1330  pounds  of  coal  less  than  the  weight  allowed  in  the  contract,  a 
reduction  of  3^0  per  cent.,  expressed  as  follows,  viz  : 


x 36, 000  lbs.  coal 


11,058,328  galls,  water  x 361,925  fe6t  head 
10,000,000  galls  water  x 378.1  feet  head 
— 36,777  pounds  of  coal  = 1330  pounds  of  coal  less  than  the  con- 
tract allowance. 

The  difference  in  the  coal  consumption  by  the  two  engines  is 
1139  pounds,  and  is  evidently  due  to  the  difference  in  the  condition 
of  the  coal. 


ENGINES  Nos.  1 & 2,  WORKING  SIMULTANEOUSLY. 

1.  Duration  of  test  from  12  noon,  Dec.  3rd,  to  12  noon,  Dec. 
5th,  1890 — 48  hours. 

2.  Four  boilers  fired  during  test,  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  and  4. 

3.  Coal  burnt  in  48  hours  76,460  pounds. 

4.  Quality  of  fuel  used  was  good  Pittsburgh  coal  containing  a 
large  percentage  of  slack.  The  contract  says  “ the  coal  used  shall 
be  the  run  of  the  mine,  ordinary  quality  Pittsburgh  coal.” 

5.  The  average  pressure  of  steam  in  the  boilers  during  the 
test  was  103.78  pounds  per  square  inch.  Pressure  stipulated  in 
contract  is  90  pounds  per  square  inch. 

6.  The  two  engines  working  simultaneously  operate  eight  sin- 
gle acting  plunger  pumps,  each  19  inches  in  diameter  and  36  inches 

stroke. 

7.  Combined  plunger  displacement  by  the  two  engines  per 
joint  revolution,  equals 

19“  x .7854  x 36  x 4 x 2 x T = 353.4912  U.  S.  gallons. 


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Final  .Report  oj  the  Engineer 


8.  Number  of  revolutions  during  test  for  both  engines  was, 
(64,899  for  No.  1 x 65.295  for  No.  2)  = 130,194. 

9.  Piston  speed  120  feet  per  minute  as  named  in  contract  for 
20,000,000  gallons  in  48  hours. 

10.  Average  piston  speed  during  test  was, 

130.194  x 6 x 20.000,000  x 1 = m68  feet  minute. 

48  x 60  x 22,307,610  x 2 v 

11.  Volume  of  water  pumped  during  48  hours  estimated  by 
plunger  displacement,  was, 

65,097  x 353.4912  = 23,011,217  gallons. 

12.  Static  head  against  pumps  from  low  water  in  the  river  to 
water  surface  at  apex  in  force  main  at  stand-pipe,  is  378.1  feet  as 
specified  in  contract. 

13.  Average  vertical  distance  during  test  from  engine  room 
floor  to  water  in  well  was  60.333  feet. 

14.  Average  height  from  engine  room  floor  to  water  surface  at 
apex  in  force  main  at  stand-pipe  307.81  feet  by  Engineer’s  levels. 
Same  by  pressure  gauge  314.61  feet. 

15.  Total  static  head  against  pumps  during  test  368,143  feet 
by  Engineer’s  levels. 

16.  The  mean  head  on  the  weir  during  the  test,  from  hook- 
gauge  readings  taken  at  regular  intervals  of  five  minutes  apart,  was 
1.02124  feet,  head  due  velocity  of  approach  0.0087  feet,  and  total 
head  in  weir  1.02994  feet.  Length  of  weir  4,995  feet. 

17.  Volume  of  water  delivered  into  reservoir  in  48  hours  by 
weir  measurement,  computed  by  Francis’  formula,  was 


3.33(4.995—0.1  x 2 x 1.02994)  x 1.0299*  x 7.4805  x 60  x 60  x 48 
=21,546,782  gallons. 

18.  Volume  of  water  delivered  into  reservoir  in  24  hours  by 
basin  measurement : 

Water  in  n.  basin  Dec.  3rd,  at  11:50  a.  m.  14,616,590  galls. 

Water  in  same  at  11:50  a.  m Dec.  4th, 25.770  395  “ 

In  24  hours 11  153,805  “ 

Equivalent  to 

In  48  hours 22,307,610  galls. 

19.  The  volume  of  water  delivered  into  the  reservoir  in  48 
hours  by  the  two  engines  when  worked  simultaneously,  is  therefore 
as  follows,  viz  : 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


155 


By  plunger  dispk  cement 23.011,217  galls. 

“ weir  gauging 21546,782  “ 

“ basin  measurement 22  307,610  “ 

The  lost  action  (slip)  of  the  pumps  was  therefore  0.06796  when 
estimated  by  weir  gauging,  and  0.03154  when  compared  with  the 
basin  measurement. 

The  basin  measurement,  for  reasons  heretofore  stated,  is  taken 
as  the  closest  approximation  to  the  correct  volume  of  water  deliver- 
ed into  the  reservoir,  and  the  two  engines  running  jointly  are  there- 
fore credited  with  having  delivered  22,307,610  gallons  of  water  in 
48  hours. 

20.  The  contract  stipulates  that  the  two  engines  running  joint- 
ly shall  pump  20,000,000  gallons  of  water  in  48  hours  378.1  feet 
high  with  36,000  pounds  of  coal. 

The  two  engines  running  jointly  did  pump  22,307,610  gallons 
of  water  in  48  hours  368.143  feet  high  with  76,460  pounds  of  coal, 
which  is  the  mechanical  equivalent  of  the  work  stipulated  to  be  per- 
formed with  1732  pounds  of  coal  less  than  the  weight  allowed  in 
the  contract — a reduction  of  2t2/q-  per  cent,  expressed  as  follows, 
viz  : 

22.807,610  galls,  water  x 368.143  feet  head  x 72  000  pounds  coal 
20,000,000  galls,  water  x 378.1  feet  head 

— 76,460  pounds  coal=  1732  pounds  less  than  the  contract  allow- 
ance. 

The  results  from  these  several  tests,  show  that  the  Pumping 
Engines  meet  the  contract  requirements  fully  (exceed  them  in  some 
respects),  with  two  exceptions,  viz  : Steam  pressure  in  boilers  and 
piston  speed  per  minute. 

These  exceptions  are  technical  when  considered  in  connection 
with  the  entire  plant  &nd  of  too  little  importance  to  be  made  a 
subject  for  discussion. 

From  the  tests  made  and  a careful  inspection  of  the  whole 
plant,  I am  justified  in  saying  that  it  is  first-class  in  every  respect 
and  fulfills  the  contract. 

Very  Respectfully, 

CHAS.  HERMANY, 

Civil  Engineer. 


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EXHIBIT  “ Q.” 

THE  MAYSVILLE  AND  BIG  SANDY  RAILROAD  CO., 


A corporation  created  and  existing  under  the  laws  of  Kentucky, 
now  engaged  in  the  erection  of  a railroad  bridge  across  Licking 
River  from  a point  at  or  near  Byrd  street,  in  the  City  of  Coving- 
ton, in  Kenton  County,  Ky. , to  a point  near  the  corporation  line  of 
the  City  of  Newport,  in  Campbell  County,  Kentucky,  agrees  with 
the  Trustees  of  Covington  Reservoir,  a corporation  also  created 
and  existing  under  the  laws  of  Kentucky,  now  engaged  in  the 
construction  of  a Water  Reservoir  for  supplying  the  city  of 
Covington  with  water,  to  be  connected  with  the  present  water  pipe 
system  of  said  city  by  a thirty  inch  main,  in  consideration  of 
the  sum  of  $20,000,  to  be  paid  to  the  said  railroad  company  by  said 
Trustees,  as  hereinafter  provided;  that  the  said  railroad  company 
will  permit  said  water  main  over  the  said  river,  to  be  laid  under  the 
right  of  way  of  said  railroad  company  in  approaching  said  bridge 
from  either  side  of  said  river,  and  be  supported  underneath  the 
floor  of  said  bridge,  in  the  manner  shown  by  the  diagrams  hereto 
attached  and  made  a part  of  this  agreement,  in  such  manner  as  to 
in  nowise  to  interfere  with  the  use  thereof  by  said  railroad  company, 
nor  to  run  into  or  through  any  portion  of  the  embankments  of  said 
railroad  company,  nor  so  as  to  interfere  with  said  railroad  company 
in  the  conduct  of  their  business. 

Those  parts  of  said  water  main  connecting  the  main  in  the 
ground  on  either  side  of  the  river  with  that  extending  under  the 
bridge  across  the  river,  to  be  attached  to  the  piers  of  the  bridge  in 
the  manner  represented  in  said  diagrams.  The  said  railroad  com- 
pany to  furnish  the  necessary  appliances  for  the  attaching  and  sup- 
porting said  main  under  the  superstructure  of  the  bridge,  but  are 
not  to  furnish  the  attachments  for  the  pipes  on  the  piers  ; but  the 
said  Trustees  are  to  furnish  the  necessary  labor  and  material  for 
making  said  attachments  to  the  floor  and  pier  of  said  bridge,  but 
all  work  to  be  done  under  the  supervision  of  said  railroad  company. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


157 


The  main  to  be  placed  in  position  as  soon  as  the  bridge  is  in  con- 
dition to  receive  the  pipe,  and  the  Trustees  have  been  officially 
notified  of  the  fact ; and  they,  the  said  Trustees,  will,  within  ten 
days  from  such  notification,  pay  said  railroad  company  the  said 
sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars. 

The  said  Trustees  and  said  city  of  Covington  shall  have  access 
to  said  water  main,  attached  to  said  bridge,  and  said  right  of  way, 
for  the  purpose  of  inspecting  or  repairing  the  same,  or  readjusting 
said  main  to  said  bridge  or  piers  should  it  in  any  manner  become 
detached,  in  whole  or  in  part,  from  said  bridge  or  piers;  such  right 
to  be  exercised  in  all  cases  with  the  least  possible  interference,  for 
the  time  being,  with  the  operations  of  said  railroad,  and  under  the 
supervision  of  said  railroad  company. 

IN  WITNESS  WHEREOF,  The  corporate  name  of  said  rail- 
road company  and  of  said  Trustees  of  Covington  Reservoir  have 
been  hereto  affixed  by  their  respective  Presidents,  I.  E.  GATES, 
and  A.  SHINKLE,  with  the  seal  of  said  corporations,  and  attested 
by  their  respective  Secretaries. 

Maysville  and  Big  Sandy  Railroad  Company, 

By  I.  E.  GATES,  President. 

Attest:  F.  H.  Davis,  Secretary. 

Trustees  of  Covington  Reservoir, 

By  A.  SHINKLE,  President. 

Attest : James  Spilman,  Secretary. 

January  23d,  1889. 


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Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


EXHIBIT  “ R.” 

SPECIFICATIONS 

— FOR  LAYING  — 

THE  WATER  PIPES  OF  THE  NEW  WATER  WORKS 

— FOR  THE  — 

CITY  OF  COVINGTON,  IN  KENTON  AND  CAMPBELL 
COUNTIES,  KY. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  WORK  AND  EXTENT  OF  CONTRACT. 

The  work  shall  include  all  the  excavation  and  back-filling,  filling, 
tunneling,  masonry,  paving,  metalling,  and  other  works  necessary 
to  construct  and  complete  the  line  of  water  main  pipes  as  now 
located  or  to  be  located  by  the  Engineer  of  the  Trustees,  with  all 
valves,  special  castings  and  other  appendages  from  the  corner  of 
Russell  and  Third  streets,  in  the  city  of  Covington  to  the  proposed 
Reservoir  at  the  Moreland  place,  in  Campbell  County  Kentucky, 
and  from  the  said  Reservoir  to  the  proposed  pumping  station  on  the 
south  bank  of  the  Ohio  River  above  the  Newport  pump-house,  ex- 
cepting the  pipes  and  castings  within  the  Reservoir  site,  extending 
from  a point  near  the  west  end  of  the  proposed  tunnel  under  the 
Highland  pike  to  a point  near  the  foot  of  the  westerly1  slope  of  the 
dam  of  lower  basin  of  said  Reservoir. 

GRADE  AND  ALIGNMENT. 

The  grade  and  alignment  of  the  pipe  shall  conform  with  the 
grade  and  alignment  shown  on  the  profile  and  plan  furnished  to  the 
contractor,  and  with  any  modification  or  change  thereof  that  may  be 
considered  necessary  or  advisable  by  the  Engineer  during  the  pro- 
gress of  the  work. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


159 


CLEARING. 

All  trees,  stumps,  bushes  and  rubbish,  as  well  as  other  surface 
obstructions  within  six  feet  of  the  center  of  the  line  of  the  trench, 
and  any  additional  width  that  may  be  required  for  the  work,  shall 
be  removed. 

TRENCHES. 

The  width  of  trenches  shall  be  sufficient  at  all  points  to  allow 
the  pipes  and  their  appendages  to  be  laid,  set  and  caulked  in  the 
best  and  the  most  thorough  and  workmanlike  manner. 

The  depth  of  the  trenches  shall  be  such  as  may  be  required  to 
conform  with  the  grade  given  by  the  Engineer  for  the  pipe,  there 
shall  be  at  least  three  feet  of  earth  covering  on  top  of  the  pipe. 

Wherever  the  bottom  of  the  trench  has  been  carried  down  be- 
low the  proper  grade,  it*  shall  be  brought  up  to  grade  with  selected 
material  well  rammed  in. 

FOUNDATIONS. 

Where  the  bottom  of  the  trench  is  soft  and  liable  to  yield,  it 
shall  be  excavated  to  such  additional  depth  as  the  Engineer  may 
require,  and  a foundation  of  broken  rocks  covered  with  a six-inch 
layer  of  selected  material  well  rammed  or  such  other  foundation  as 
the  Engineer  may  prescribe  shall  be  put  in. 

ROCKY  BOTTOM. 

Where  the  bottom  of  the  trench  is  rocky  it  shall  be  excavated 
six  inches  below  grade  and  brought  up  to  a proper  grade  with 
selected  materials  well  rammed  in. 

PRECAUTIONS. 

In  excavating  the  trench,  the  contractor  shall  carefully  remove 
all  loam,  pavement  and  road  metal  at  the  surface  and  separate  the 
same  from  the  other  material  excavated,  to  be  used  in  restoring  the 
grounds,  roads  and  streets  to  their  original  condition. 

Trenches  are  not  to  be  opened  in  advance  of  the  laying  of  the 
pipe  for  any  greater  length  than  shall  be  necessary  for  the  expedi- 
tious performance  of  the  work,  and  the  back-filling  shall  be  com- 
pleted as  far  as  the  pipe  laying  shall  be  done  and  approved  by  the 
inspector. 

All  blastings  near  houses  and  public  thoroughfares  shall  be 


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Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


done  with  the  most  diligent  care  and  precaution  to  prevent  injury 
to  persons  and  property.  All  trenches  shall  be  properly  shored  up. 
Trenches  through  public  and  private  roads  and  through  pasture 
lands  shall  be  properly  fenced  and  guarded.  The  contractor  shall 
place  and  maintain  in  public  highways  proper  painted  notices  of 
warning  by  day  and  red  lights  of  warning  by  night. 

REPAIR  OF  SEWERS,  PIPES,  FENCES,  ETC. 

The  contractor  shall  at  his  own  expense  divert,  repair  and 
restore  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Engineer,  all  sewers,  culverts, 
drains,  pipes,  ditches,  roads,  fences,  and  other  works  and  properties 
which  he  may  disturb  or  injure  during  the  progress  of  the  work. 

TRAVEL  NOT  TO  BE  INTERRUPTED. 

The  contractor  shall  so  conduct  and  manage  his  work  as  not 
to  interrupt  travel  in  streets  and  public  highways,  and  shall  pro- 
vide safe  and  convenient  temporary  crossings  for  the  same  when 
necessary. 

BACK  FILLING. 

After  the  pipe  is  laid  the  trench  shall  be  filled  with  selected 
material,  free  from  rock,  measuring  more  than  two  inches,  carefully 
rammed  on  the  side  and  top  of  the  pipe  to  a level  of  six  inches 
above  the  top  of  the  pipe.  The  remainder  of  the  fill  shall  be  made 
with  the  material  excavated,  excluding  all  stones  measuring  more 
than  six  inches  in  any  direction,  rammed  in  layers  of  six  inches  in 
depth  until  sufficient  room  is  left  to  receive  the  loam  or  the  road 
metal  or  pavement,  which  must  be  carefully  replaced  with  such 
additional  quantity  as  may  be  required  for  the  restoration  of  the 
original  surface.  In  streets  and  roads,  the  contractor  shall  finish 
the  same  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  City  Engineer  or  Superintendent 
of  roads,  or  others  having  the  same  in  charge.  The  surface  shall 
generally  be  left  higher  than  originally,  making  such  allowance  for 
the  settling  of  the  fill  as  the  Engineer  may  direct.  Frozen  earth, 
roots,  grass,  and  other  perishable  materials  shall  be  carefully  ex- 
cluded from  the  fills.  Where  the  trench  is  so  shallow  as  to  leave 
less  than  3 feet  depth  of  covering  on  top  of  the  pipe,  sufficient  ma- 
terial shall  be  added  on  to  obtain  the  requisite  depth  of  three  feet. 
Where  the  bottom  of  the  pipe  is  above  ground,  a foundation  shall 
be  built  for  its  support  after  carefully  removing  for  the  entire  width 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


161 


of  its  base,  all  grass,  vegetable  mold  and  other  materials  deemed 
objectionable  by  the  Engineer,  and  a fill  shall  be  made  and  carried 
to  a height  of  not  less  than  3 feet  above  the  top  of  the  pipe,  making 
always  a proper  allowance  for  shrinkage.  The  fill  shall  be  made 
with  approved  material,  using  the  same  care  dnd  method  as  pre- 
scribed for  the  back  filling  in  trenches. 

All  fills  above  ground  shall  have  side  slopes  of  not  greater 
inclination  than  1^  to  1.  On  sloping  ground  the  fills  shall  be  pro- 
tected with  approved  surface  ditches,  and  drains  of  approved  size 
and  construction  shall  be  put  in  when  required. 

WASTE  MATERIAL. 

All  waste  material  shall  be  promptly  removed  and  deposited 
at  such  places  as  the  Engineer  may  direct. 

BORROWED  MATERIAL. 

Where  the  material  excavated  is  insufficient  or  unfit  to  complete 
the  back  filling  or  fill,  the  contractor  shall  supply  approved  earth 
for  the  purpose. 


PIPE  LAYING. 

All  the  pipes  and  castings  shall  be  delivered  to  the  contractor 
on  the  ground  along  the  line  and  as  near  as  practicable  to  the  posi- 
tion they  are  to  occupy  in  the  trench,  generally  within  thirty  feet  of 
the  same,  excepting  the  pipes  to  be  laid  on  the  bridge  over  the 
Licking,  which  shall  be  delivered  on  the  ground  at  or  near  either 
end  thereof,  and  the  pipes  for  the  force  main  from  the  pump  house 
to  the  top  of  the  bluff,  which  shall  all  be  delivered  at  a convenient 
place  near  the  line  on  the  top  of  the  bluff.  All  valves,  air-cocks 
and  their  appendages,  shall  be  delivered  by  the  Trustees  to  the  con- 
tractors at  the  railroad  depots  in  Covington  or  Newport.  From 
the  time  of  delivery  the  contractors  shall  be  responsible  to  the  Trus- 
tees for  all  breakage  or  injury  to  the  pipe  and  appendages. 

The  contractor  shall  furnish  all  labor,  tools  and  materials  neces- 
sary for  the  completion  of  the  work,  excepting  pipes,  special  castings 
and  valves. 

The  pipes  shall  be  laid  on  true  grade  and  alignment  as  shown 
on  the  map  and  profile,  and  laid  out  by  the  Engineer. 


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Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


CLEARING. 

Before  being  laid  the  pipes  shall  be  brushed  through  to  remove 
adhering  earth  and  all  foreign  matters  which  may  have  been  left 
therein. 

MANNER  OF  LAYING. 

They  shall  be  placed  singly  in  the  trench  and  bedded  so  as  to 
rest  firmly  and  uniformly  throughout  their  entire  length  on  the 
solid  earth. 

JOINTS, 

The  joints  shall  be  made  with  the  best  quality  of  tarred  hempen 
yarn,  closely  twisted  in  one  piece  for  each  joint,  well  caulked  into 
the  socket  with  a special  tool,  and  soft  lead  poured  in  at  one  run- 
ning, and  set  up  thoroughly  and  entirely  around  the  pipe.  The 
depth  of  lead  after  caulking  shall  not  be  less  than  2 V2  inches.  The 
joints  must  be  well  and  faithfully  caulked  by  an  experienced  and 
competent  man  in  the  best  manner.  All  flanged  pipes  and  castings 
shall  be  jointed  with  a sheet  lead  gasket,  properlj  laped,  and  of  the 
full  diameter  and  width  of  the  flange. 

Such  waste  and  blow-off  pipes,  valves  and  air  cocks  as  may  be 
furnished  by  the  Trustees  shall  be  laid  and  set  where  and  as  directed 
by  the  Engineer. 

precautions. 

Care  shall  be  taken  to  prevent  any  earth,  stone  or  other  mate- 
rial from  entering  the  pipes  as  they  are  being  laid,  and  every  open 
end  of  a pipe  laid  shall  be  plugged  before  leaving  the  work  for  any 
length  of  time. 

\ The  pipes  and  appendages  shall  be  handled  with  the  greatest 
care  and  with  proper  tools,  so  as  to  avoid  injury  to  the  coating.  No 
injured  or  imperfect  pipe  shall  be  laid. 

No  vertical  and  horizontal  curve  or  bend  shall  be  laid  with 
straight  pipes  of  less  radius  than  478  feet,  without  special  provision 
and  the  permission  of  the  Engineer. 

CROSSING  OF  WATER  COURSES. 

At  the  crossing  of  water  courses,  arch  culvert  and  pipe  drains 
shall  be  built  in  accordance  with  plans  furnished  by  the  Engineer, 
and  the  pipe  laid  thereon  and  covered  to  such  a depth  as  may  be 
required. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir . 


163 


Where  the  pipe  crosses  under  the  bed  of  a stream  it  shall  be 
laid  in  concrete  and  protected  with  paving  and  slope  walls,  when 
required  by  the  Engineer. 

Where  the  pipe  crosses  existing  culverts  and  drains  so  as  to 
require  the  reconstruction  of  any  part  thereof,  the  same  shall  be 
done  in  accordance  with  plans  furnished  or  approved  by  the 
Engineer. 

VALVE  CURBS. 

Valve  curbs,  where  required,  shall  be  of  stone  or  brick  laid  in 
cement  with  improved  cast  iron  neck  and  cover.  They  shall  be 
built  on  a foundation  of  stone  or  brick  laid  in  cement  and  shall  be 
drained  with  a stoneware  pipe  of  suitable  size. 

TUNNEL. 

The  tunnel  under  the  Highland  pike  shall  be  built  in  accord- 
ance with  plans  and  detail  drawings  furnished,  and  directions  given 
by  the  Engineer. 

It  shall  be  arched  throughout  and  closed  at  the  east  end  with 
masonry.  It  shall  have  an  entrance  shaft  at  the  west  end,  also 
curbed  with  Masonry,  enclosing  the  air  pipe,  and  covered  with  an 
entrance  house.  The  tunnel  shall  be  drained  at  the  east  end  with 
an  eighteen-inch  pipe  culvert.  The  exact  length  of  the  tunnel  and 
shaft  shall  be  determined  by  the  Engineer. 

EXCAVATION  OF  TUNNEL. 

The  excavation  shall  be  made  to  conform  as  closely  as  practi- 
cable with  the  outline  of  masonry,  particular  care  being  used  in 
blasting  and  in  the  temporary  shoring  of  the  sides  and  roof,  to  avoid 
falls. 

The  waste  material  shall  all  be  deposited  between  the  tunnel 
and  the  reservoir  at  such  place  as  the  Engineer  may  direct. 

LINING  AND  CURBING. 

The  masonry  arching  of  the  tunnel  proper  shall  be  of  brick  laid 
in  cement  mortar  with  the  exception  of  the  closing  walls  at  the  east 
end,  which  shall  be  of  broken  range  stone- work,  as  well  as  the  curb- 
ing of  the  shaft.  This  curbing  shall  be  capped  one  foot  above  the 
ground  with  a belting  course  of  selected  stone,  upon  which  shall 
be  built  the  entrance  house.  Blind  arches  of  six  foot  span  shall  be 
built  in  the  walls  at  both  ends  of  the  tunnel  to  provide  for  facility 


164 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


of  repair  and  replacement  of  pipe  in  the  future.  The  floor  of  the 
tunnel  shall  be  paved  with  brick  laid  in  cement.(6) 

PACKING. 

The  space  between  the  masonry  and  the  side  and  roof  of  the 
excavation  shall  be  packed  with  selected  material,  carefully  and 
firmly  rammed  in,  a sufficient  amount  of  clay  being  used  to  fill  com- 
pletely all  void  spaces. 

DRAINAGE. 

Should  springs  be  encountered  in  excavating  the  tunnel,  the 
water  shall  be  carefully  confined  by  walling,  and  led  by  pipe  drains 
of  suitable  size,  discharging  inside  of  tunnel  at  the  foot  of  the  side 
walls. 

REFILLING. 

After  the  completion  of  the  masonry  and  of  the  pipe  laying  in 
the  tunnel,  the  excavated  approaches  at  both  ends  shall  be  refilled, 
using  the  same  method  and  care  as  prescribed  for  the  back  filling 
of  trenches,  so  as  to  restore  the  surface  to  its  original  condition. 

ENTRANCE  HOUSE. 

The  entrance  house  shall  be  built  in  accordance  with  plans  fur- 
nished, with  nine-inch  walls  of  brick  and  asphalt  roofing ; the  door 
shall  be  of  two  thicknesses  of  one-inch  plank,  tongue  and  grooved; 
it  shall  be  hung  with  strong  wrought-iron  hinges  and  provided  with 
a strong  and  approved  lock.  A strong  iron  ladder,  well  secured  to 
the  masonry,  shall  lead  from  the  floor  to  the  bottom  of  the  shaft. 

MASONRY. 

STONE. 

The  stone  shall  be  of  blue  limestone  of  best  quality  found  in 
the  hills  surrounding  Newport  and  Covington,  or  other  stones  of 
good  quality  approved  by  the  engineer.  It  shall  be  of  the  size  pre- 
scribed for  each  class  of  work,  free  from  clay  and  dry  seams,  and 
sound  in  every  particular. 

BRICK. 

The  brick  shall  all  be  hard  burnt  paving  brick,  well  tempered, 


(6)  Changed  to  concrete  with  cement  covering. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


165 


of  good  form,  free  of  lime  and  cracks,  and  capable  of  standing  a 
pressure  of  four  thousand  pounds  per  square  inch  without  crushing. 
They  shall  be  soaked  in  water  immediately  before  using. 

CEMENT. 

The  cement  shall  be  equal  to  the  best  quality  of  Louisville  hy- 
draulic cement,  and  shall  stand,  without  breaking,  a tensile  stress 
of  one  hundred  pounds  per  square  inch  in  briquettes  seven  days 
old ; it  shall  not  swell  or  crack  in  the  process  of  hardening. 

SAND. 

The  sand  shall  be  clean,  sharp,  river  sand. 

MORTAR. 

The  cement  mortar  shall  generally  be  composed  of  one  meas- 
ure of  cement  and  two  measures  of  sand,  well  mixed  with  clear 
water  in  clean  mortar  beds  and  used  immediately  after  mixing. 

Different  proportions  of  sand  and  cement  shall  be  used,  if  re- 
quired by  the  engineer. 

BRICK  ARCHING. 

Brick  arching  shall  consist  of  the  required  number  of  rings  of 
brick  laid  flush  in  cement  mortar,  each  line  of  brick  breaking  joints 
with  the  adjoining  lines  in  the  same  ring  and  in  the  ring  below  it. 
No  headers  shall  be  used  in  the  arch.  No  bats  shall  be  allowed  in 
the  work  except  for  closures. 

The  thickness  of  joints  shall  not  exceed  one-half  inch  between 
bricks  in  the  same  rings,  nor  five-eight  inch  between  rings.  The 
arch  shall  be  covered  over  with  a coating  of  cement  mortar,  not  less 
than  three-quarter  inches  thick. 

BRICK  WALLS. 

The  same  specifications  shall  apply  to  brick  walls  as  for  brick 
arching,  excepting  that  the  brick  shall  be  laid  in  the  wall  with  the 
ordinary  bond,  every  seventh  course  being  of  headers. 

BRICK  PAVING. 

The  bottom  or  floor  shall  be  first  carefully  trimmed  to  the 
proper  form  and  covered  with  a thick  bed  of  cement  mortar,  the 
brick  shall  be  floated  thereon  and  laid  close  with  full  joints  to  the 
required  template.  The  brick  shall  be  laid  on  edge,  and  shall 
break  joints  as  for  brick  arching. 


166 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


The  paving  shall  also  be  grouted  after  being  laid,  if  the  same 
be  considered  necessary  by  the  engineer. 

STONE  ARCH  MASONRY. 

The  arch  proper  shall  be  built  of  selected  stone  of  uniform 
thickness  in  each  course,  laid  flush,  in  cement  mortar,  each  stone 
extending  through  the  entire  thickness  of  arch.  The  stones  shall 
not  be  less  than  four  inches  thick ; they  shall  be  hammer  dressed  on 
the  intradoes,  beds  and  joints ; the  joints  shall  be  square  with  the 
face  and  not  less  than  nine  inches  deep ; each  course  shall  break 
joints  not  less  than  six  inches  with  the  courses  adjoining  ; the  thick- 
ness of  joints  shall  not  exceed  three-quarter  inches. 

The  arches  shall  be  backed  from  the  haunches  with  rubble 
work,  laid  flush,  in  cement  mortar.  The  ring  stone  at  the  ends 
shall  be  rock  faced. 

The  abutment  walls,  wing  walls,  parapet  and  sunk  walls  shall 
be  built  of  broken  range  work,  such  as  described  under  that  head ; 
the  parapets  and  wings  shall  be  capped  with  selected  stones,  pro- 
jecting four  inches  beyond  face  of  walls,  not  less  than  six  inches 
thick  and  eighteen  inches  long,  and  extending  through  the  entire 
width  of  the  coping  course  with  paraded  joints.  The  joints  and 
beds  of  the  coping  course  shall  be  hammer  dressed. 

BROKEN  RANGE  WORK. 

Broken  range  masonry  shall  be  built  of  stones  not  less  than  4 
inches  thick,  well  bonded  and  laid  flush  in  cement  mortar.  No' 
stone  shall  measure  less  than  1 y2  square  foot  on  the  bed  and  yi  at 
least  must  be  headers  extending  through  the  entire  thickness  of  wall 
when  the  same  does  not  exceed  18  inches.  All  stones  must  be 
square-faced  and  break  joints  not  less  than  6 inches  with  those  ad- 
joining. The  face -joints  shall  not  be  less  than  6 inches  deep — joints 
and  beds  shall  not  exceed  ^ inches  in  thickness.  No  spalls  shall 
be  allowed  in  the  beds  and  face-joints. 

The  masonry  shall  be  capped  with  selected  stones  of  the  entire 
width  of  coping  course,  of  uniform  thickness,  not  less  than  6 inches. 
They  shall  have  dressed  beds  and  joints. 

STONE  PAVING. 

Stone  paving  shall  be  built  with  selected  stones  from  8 to  12 
inches  deep  and  not  less  than  3 inches  thick,  roughly  squared  at  the 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


167 


ends  and  laid  dry  or  flush  in  good  cement  mortar  as  the  engineer 
may  direct. 

CONCRETE. 

Concrete  shall  be  composed  by  actual  measurement  of  four 
measures  of  broken  stone  of  uniform  size  measuring  not  more  than 
two  inches  in  any  direction,  free  from  clay  and  well  screened,  two 
measures  of  sand  and  one  measure  of  cement,  all  well  mixed  on  a 
plank  bed  and  well  rammed  in  place  in  layers  as  directed  by  the 
engineer. 

DRAIN  PIPE. 

None  but  double  strength,  vitrified  stone  pipe  of  the  best  qual- 
ity and  manufacture  shall  be  used.  The  pipes  shall  be  laid  on  a 
solid  foundation  carefully  shaped  to  fit  the  pipe  and  covered  with  a 
good  bed  of  cement  mortar.  The  joints  shall  be  completely  filled 
with  cement  mortar.  The  ends  of  the  pipe  must  be  carefully  set 
in  a wall  of  brick  or  stone  of  approved  shape  and  size  and  pro- 
tected with  a covering  of  earth  not  less  than  2 feet  thick. 

GENERAL. 

All  showing  joints  of  all  classes  of  masonry  shall  be  neatly 
pointed  with  rich  cement  mortar. 

No  masonry  shall  be  laid  in  freezing  weather  without  permis- 
sion from  the  engineer. 

The  foundations  for  all  masonry  shall  be  carried  to  such  depths 
as  the  engineer  may  direct,  and  prepared  with  a bed  of  concrete  or 
a timbei  platform  if  required.  The  timber  used  shall  be  white  oak 
free  from  sap  and  of  all  defects  affecting  its  strength  or  durability. 

PRICES  AND  MEASUREMENTS. 

In  bidding  contractors  must  put  in  a price  for  every  item  of 
work  named  in  the  form  of  proposals  furnished  to  them. 

The  measurement  of  pipes  for  payment  will  be  the  actual  lineal 
measurement  along  the  centre  line  of  pipes  after  they  are  laid  and 
without  any  allowance  for  extras  for  laps. 

The  measurement  of  tunnel  for  payment  shall  be  the  actual 
length  of  tunnel  from  easterly  face  of  east  wall  of  shaft  to  outside 
face  of  closing  wall  at  west  end  of  tunnel. 

The  measurement  of  shaft  for  payment  shall  be  the  actual  depth 


168 


Final  Report  0}  the  Engineer 


of  shaft  curbing  from  top  of  belting  course  to  the  bottom  of  foun- 
dation of  wall. 

The  prices  to  be  paid  per  foot  for  laying  pipes  shall  be  for  the 
pipes  laid  and  covered,  including  all  the  special  castings  other  than 
valves,  with  all  the  work  incidental  thereto  complete,  excepting 
masonry,  tunnel  and  shaft. 

The  prices  to  be  paid  for  setting  valves  shall  include  their 
cartage  from  the  railroad  depot  in  Covington  or  Newport,  and  the 
cartage  and  setting  of  their  foundations,  curbs,  covers  and  fittings, 
with  all  the  work  incidental  thereto  complete,  excepting  masopry. 

The  prices  to  be  paid  per  cubic  yard  for  all  classes  of  masonry 
and  per  thousand  feet  b.  m.  of  timber  in  foundations  shall  be  for  the 
material  furnished  and  set  in  position  with  all  the  work  incidental 
thereto. 

In  the  classification  of  arch  and  culvert  masonry,  only  the 
masonry  of  arch  proper  above  the  spring  line,  of  arch  with  the 
the  rubble  backing  at  the  haunches  shall  be  paid  as  arch  masonry, 
the  parapet,  abutments,  wing  and  sunk  walls  shall  be  paid  as  broken 
range  work  and  the  concrete  and  paving  as  concrete  and  paving. 

The  price  to  be  paid  per  lineal  foot  of  tunnel  shall  be  for  the 
tunnel  complete,  including  masonry  and  all  other  work  incidental 
thereto. 

The  price  to  be  paid  per  lineal  foot  of  shaft  shall  be  for  the 
shaft  complete,  including  masonry,  ladder  and  all  other  work  inci- 
dental thereto. 

The  price  to  be  paid  for  the  entrance  house  shall  be  for  the 
house  complete,  with  roof,  doors,  windows  and  all  other  work 
incidental  thereto. 

The  said  several  prices  shall  also  cover  and  include  all  the 
costs  of  trenching,  blasting,  excavation,  bailing,  pumping,  shoring, 
centering,  filling,  and  back  filling,  sodding,  fencing,  lighting,  notices, 
guards,  watchmen,  repairs  and  restoration  and  all  the  materials, 
tools  and  labor  necessary  for,  or  incidental  to,  the  construction  and 
maintenance  of  the  work  until  it  is  completed  and  accepted  under 
the  provisions  of  this  contract  and  these  specifications. 

GENERAL  CONDITIONS. 

The  opening  of  the  trenches,  the  laying  of  the  pipes,  and  the 
setting  and  connecting  of  their  appendages  shall  be  proceeded  with 
at  such  time  and  at  such  places  as  the  Engineer  shall  direct. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


169 


OBSERVANCE  OF  LAWS  AND  REGULATIONS. 

In  all  operations  connected  with  the  work  all  laws,  ordinances 
and  regulations  controlling  or  limiting  in  any  way  the  action  of  those 
engaged  on  the  work  shall  be  respected  and  observed. 

SUB-LETTING  AND  TRANSFERS. 

The  contractor  shall  not  sub-let,  assign,  or  transfer  this  con- 
tract, or  any  part  thereof,  to  any  person  or  persons  without  the 
consent  of  the  Trustees. 

COMPETENT  WORKMEN. 

He  shall  give  his  personal  supervision  to  the  work,  and  shall 
employ  competent  workmen  and  experienced  mechanics,  skilled  in 
the  several  works  assigned  to  them.  He  shall  immediately  dis- 
charge on  request  of  the  Engineer  any  of  his  employes  considered 
by  said  Engineer  as  incompetent  or  disorderly,  and  shall  not  again 
employ  him  upon  the  works. 

ORDERS  CONCERNING  THE  WORK. 

In  the  absence  of  the  contractor  from  any  part  of  the  work  the 
Engineer  shall  give  his  orders  respecting  that  work  to  whomsoever 
may  be  in  charge  of  or  executing  said  work,  and  said  order  shall  be 
respected  and  obeyed. 

CHANGES. 

The  Trustees  shall  have  the  right  to  make  without  violating 
this  contract  any  change  in  location,  grade,  alignment,  form  and 
dimension  of  the  trenches,  tunnels,  shafts,  pipes,  and  appendages, 
and  to  increase  or  diminish  the  quantities  of  the  work  to  be  done  as 
the  interest  of  the  city  of  Covington  may  in  their  judgment  require, 
if  the  character  of  the  work  is  also  changed  thereby  and  rendered 
more  costly,  the  Engineer  shall  estimate  and  determine  the  amount 
which  should  fairly  and  equitably  be  allowed  to  the  contractor,  and 
the  same  shall  be  accepted  by  the  contractor  without  any  claim  for 
anticipated  profits  on  the  work  that  may  be  dispensed  with. 

EXTRA  WORK. 

I 

The  value  of  any  extra  work  shall  be  likewise  estimated  and 
determined  by  the  Engineer. 


170 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


No  claim  for  extra  work  shall  be  made  or  allowed  unless  the 
work  shall  have  been  done  in  compliance  with  a written  order  from 
the  Trustees  or  the  Engineer.  All  claims  for  extra  work  shall  be 
made  in  writing  before  the  payment  of  the  succeeding  estimate 
after  the  work  is  performed,  failing  to  make  such  claim  the  same 
shall  be  considered  as  abandoned  by  the  contractor. 

REJECTED  MATERIAL. 

The  contractor  shall  promptly  remove  all  rejected  material  to 
such  distance  as  may  in  the  judgment  of  the  Engineer  be  sufficient 
to  prevent  its  being  used  in  the  work. 

DEFECTIVE  WORK. 

All  defective  work  shall  be  promptly  taken  down  by  the  con- 
tractor on  the  order  from  the  Engineer  to  that  effect,  and  rebuilt 
properly  at  his  own  expense. 

RATES  OF  PROGRESS. 

The  rate  of  progress  of  the  work  at  all  times  must  be  such  as 
to  insure  its  completion  within  the  limit  of  time  specified.  Should 
the  same  appear  insufficient  in  the  opinion  of  the  Engineer,  he  shall 
have  the  right  to  order  such  increase  in  the  working  forces  as  he 
may  think  necessary. 


SUSPENSION  OF  WORK. 

The  contractor  shall  without  any  claim  for  damages  or  extra 
compensation,  suspend  the  work  when  he  shall  be  ordered  to  do  so 
by  the  Engineer,  by  reason  of  inclement  weather,  or  for  other 
causes. 


EXTENSION  OF  CONTRACT  TIME. 

But  if  his  work  be  delayed  by  reason  of  non-delivery  of  pipes 
or  valves,  failure  to  procure  right  of  way,  or  other  acts  of  the  Trus- 
tees, he  shall  be  entitled  to  a reasonable  extension  of  time  for  the 
completion  of  his  work,  and  the  Engineer  shall  estimate  and  deter- 
mine the  length  of  such  extension,  but  the  contractor  shall  have  no 
claim  for  damages  on  account  of  such  delays. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir. 


171 


LIABILITIES  AND  RISKS. 

The  contractor  assumes  all  risks  arising  from  the  weather,  acci- 
dents and  causualities  of  all  kinds.  He  shall  pay  all  damages  to 
persons  and  properties  and  repair  at  his  own  cost  all  damages  that 
may  occur  to  the  work  until  it  is  completed  entirely  and  accepted  by 
the  Engineer.  He  shall  further  maintain  at  his  own  cost  in  a good 
perfect  and  water  tight  condition,  all  parts  of  the  work  for  a period 
of  six  months  after  its  acceptance  by  the  Engineer. 

SPECIFICATIONS  DEFINED. 

The  meaning  and  intent  of  these  specifications  shall  be  defined 
by  the  Engineer  and  his  decision  thereon  shall  be  final  and  binding 
upon  the  parties  thereto. 

* 

CONVICT  LABOR. 

No  convict  labor  shall  be  employed  on  the  work. 

ENGINEER  DEFINED. 

Wherever  the  word  Engineer  is  mentioned  in  this  contract  it 
shall  be  taken  to  mean  the  chief  Engineer  for  the  Trustees. 


FORM  OF  PROPOSAL. 

The  undersigned  hereby  certify  that  they  have  personally  and 
carefully  examined  the  grounds  on  the  located  line  of  pipe  for  the 
Covington  New  Water  works,  also  that  they  have  carefully  examined 
the  map,  profile  and  plans  and  carefully  read  the  annexed  specifica- 
tions and  form  of  contract. 

Having  made  such  examination,  the  undersigned  hereby  pro- 
pose to  the  Trustees  of  the  Covington  Reservoir  to  do  all  the  works 
specified  according  to  the  conditions  and  specifications  aforesaid,  and 
on  the  acceptance  of  this  proposal  hereby  bind  themselves  to  enter 
into  and  execute  a contract  for  the  work  at  the  following  prices. 

These  prices  are  to  be  in  full  compensation  for  performing  said 
work  and  for  guaranteeing  their  permanancy  and  durability  as  pro- 
vided in  the  contract  and  specifications. 


172 


Final  Report  of  the  Engineer 


PRICES. 


Pipe  laying 
per  lineal 
foot  com-  « 
plete 


30  inches  diameter $ 1 

18  inches  diameter 

12  inches  diameter r_ 

8 inches  diameter 

[ 6 inches  diameter 

Setting  stop  [ 3°  inches  in  diameter — 3 

and  blow  J I2  inches  in  diameter 2 

off  valves,  « 
each, 


complete. 


8 inches  in  diameter. 


6 inches  in  diameter. 


75 

80 

5° 

35 

30 

50 

00 

5° 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 


Setting  air  valves,  each,  complete 4 

Tunnel  per  lineal  foot,  complete.  •_ 28 

Shaft  per  lineal  foot,  complete 15 

Stone  arch  culvert  masonry,  per  cubic  yard 9 

Broken  range  masonry,  per  cubic  yard 6 

Brick  arch  culvert  masonry,  per  cubic  yard 9 

Brick  masonry,  per  cubic  yard 7 

Brick  paving,  per  cubic  yard 6 

Stone  paving  in  cement,  per  cubic  yard 4 

Stone  paving  dry,  per  cubic  yard 3 

Concrete,  per  cubic  yard 5 

Dry  masonry,  per  cubic  yard 5 

f 24  inches  diameter 3 

Drainpipes,  j jg  jnches  diameter 2 00 

per  lineal  ! . . ,. 

foot  1 12  inches  diameter 1 

complete  j 6 inches  diameter 

^ 4 inches  diameter 

Broken  stone  in  foundation,  per  cubic  yard 2 

Timber  in  foundation,  per  1,000  feet,  B.  M 40 

Building  entrance  house  complete 100 

Setting  18  valves,  each 3 

Signature,  McRAY  & LALLEY, 
by  JOHN  M.  LALLEY. 

Address,  Detroit,  Mich., 
or  Lockport,  N.  Y. 


5o 


25 

5° 

35 

5o 

00 

00 

00 


Date,  July  17,  1887. 


